Research Method in Biological Level of Analysis Psychology Essay

Examine the use of one research method used in the biological level of analysis, including an evaluation of the ethical considerations related to them. The case studies method consists in taking a patient personal history in order to take a diagnosis. It is usually applied in persons that have abnormal characteristics in behaviour, at biological or at cognitive level; it can also be applied to a group of people that are under the same situation. Case study is a long-term research where the patient or the group of people are studied to get into a conclusion. This type of study investigates and recollects qualitative data, such as feelings and experiences. At the same time it also includes quantitative data of measurements such as blood testing, IQ scores and other survey data. An example of case-study method is the Phineas Gage research. Phineas was the man who had an accident and a metal pole entered through its skull. It entered through his left cheek and exited through its frontal lobe. There were many factors that made of this situation really abnormal. Just after the accident Phineas was awake. He lost the vision in his left eye, but in his right eye the vision was perfect. Besides he didn’t suffer any paralysis and had no difficulty with speech or language. However, the doctor noted that his intellectual abilities and his emotional control had been destroyed. Gage had become impatient, indulgent and though he made plans for hi future he could never follow them. He could be described as a child. According to the long-term case study, his frontal lobe provided evidence that the brain affects personality and social behaviour. This is a really important research because it presents one of the biological level of analysis, the one that refers there are biological correlates of behaviour. Here we can see how damaged physiological factor can affect behaviour. Besides it shows us how case studies are really useful, because not all changes in behaviour happen from one day to another. As this study evidenced the process in which the behaviour starts to see affected is a long-term process. Case studies of the brain-damaged patients have led to important findings about the brain. According to the ethics in this type of research, probably there are more negative facts tan positive facts. Case studies researches are not ethical because the patient is treated, observed and examined like it is a completely different person compared to the others. Besides it can invade your personal spaces and take you away some privacy. The researcher gets to know deeply personal information fro the patient, which is not usually shared with other people. Besides, some of this information may be published or at least written up as a research report, in order to be used in a future as valid information in researches, etc. That’s why the identity of the person should be always protected; the researcher needs to cover all the details that could lead others to work out the individual’s identity. In the case of Phineas Gage most of this ethical considerations weren’t taked into count. They didn’t covered up his identity, beside they go into details of his personal life. In conclusion the case studies are really important because are the ones that lead us to conclusions about real life issues and particular problems. The researches done by this method are really accurate and play a really important role in psychology biological level of analysis.

60s America Through Images Essay

The 1960s proved a tumultuous time for the United States in how there were so many historical developments in the mere space of a decade. Throughout the 60s Americans experienced and witnessed many events such as war, civil rights campaigns and protests, assassinations, technological developments and the emergence of a popular culture and counterculture. Photography came to the fore at the start of the 20th century and a huge emphasis was put on the visual to experience culture. The historical developments of the 60s can be seen clearly through the visual culture as they portray the historical events of the time through the medium of imagery. With the growing popularization of television, imagery could be rapidly distributed to each home and this is one of the main reasons that visual culture had such a profound effect on those who witnessed the events portrayed. â€Å"By the end of the decade 90% of Americans had access to television sets† this staggering amount of led to a high level of influence though reception of imagery. For instance when we look at the portrayal of the typical American family one would often see an image of a close-knit family sitting together watching television. In the space of a decade from the 1950s television was incorporated in the American family (see fig. 1. ). Pictures such as this defined the family of the late 50s early 60s and incorporated the television into American families. With the television being a vital part of family life there was a constant flow of imagery available for the family to view. We can clearly see through images such as this that the US population began to regularly consume what the television provided. The photograph captures the importance television as a family pastime and how it gradually became the main focus of family time. Therefore we can see that the visual culture through the media such as television, newspapers and the images they provided to the population had a serious impact on historical developments of the 1960s. Information was constantly received by the population usually alongside images of events and the visual culture affected the historical developments of the 60s in how it influenced reactions to events. It is also evident that visual culture heavily influenced the 1960s due to the amount of images and videos from the time that are still available for viewing today. Figure 1. Everett F. Baumgardner. Family watching Television. 1958. Photograph. Nation Archives and Records of Administration. http://web. archive. org/web/20071226081329/teachpol. tcnj. edu/amer_pol_hist/thu mbnail427. htm One of the most important events to happen in the 1960s which greatly affected the US was its part of was the Vietnamese War. The war had a vital part in the 60s decade as it spanned through the whole of the 60s up until 1975. The war was the first of its kind as it was reported in great detail through television and newspapers. Essentially the Vietnam War and visual culture of the time went hand in hand as the relationship between the two was constant throughout the 60s. For over a decade people could get a visual insight into the war which had never been available before and many believe this is one of the main reasons that the US lost the war. President Lyndon seen this and argued that â€Å"if the previous wars had been televised, the United States would not have preserved in fighting them. Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman would have lost support for their policies even as he lost support for his, forcing the abandonment of his campaign for his re-election. † It was due to the constant visual bombardment of the ugly realities of war on the US people that turned them against the war and forced many to protest the war (fig. 2 and fig. 3). Figure 2. Horst Faas. A father holds the body of a child. 1964. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ . Figure3. Horst Faas. Lt. Col. George Eyster of Florida. 1966. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ Photographers such as Horst Fass gained their reputation for showing the horrors of the Vietnamese war through their photographs. Faas captured some of the most controversial photographs that showed the suffering of both sides of the war. When we look at these photos we can see the influence of the Vietnamese War on the visual culture of the United States. Pictures such as these were received on a daily basis and they dominated the decade visually becoming some of the most well known images from the 60s and the war itself. The graphic pictures show the ugly side of the Vietnamese War and photographs such as the father clutching his daughter’s body in front of soldiers dealt with the death of civilians while the photo of injured soldiers showed frailty of US troops. At the time these photographs seen showed the truth about the war and Fass would go on to win a Pulitzer Prize for his work in Vietnam. When we look these images it is clear that both reflect on the dark chaos of the war and the ugly realities which the civilian population had never seen before. The visual culture greatly affected the population’s war morale as it provided frail images of US soldiers either dead or wounded something which was not shown in previous wars. The reporting of the Second World War and the Korean War was different in that it was filtered with most hearing reports through radio broadcasts and newspapers which were controlled by the government. By the 60s there had been major developments in media reporting in that they had become more liberated. By the 60s multiple channels were emerging with their own news reporters providing multiple stories and recounts of different parts of the war. Therefore there was a vast increase in the amount of broadcasts and images being sent into the American homes greatly influencing a majority of the population. With photographers such as Faas working in Vietnam and capturing images showing innocent civilians being killed the United States population saw an unseen side to its army throughout the Vietnamese war as the army was shown in a very negative view. It can clearly be seen that photographers such as Faas greatly influenced the visual culture of the US throughout the 60s and these images had a significant impact in historical developments leading to the war effort becoming unpopular and encouraging anti war efforts. Figure 4. Ron Haeberle. My Lai Massacre. 1968. Photograph. Available at Life Magazine. Vol. 67. No. 23 . The negative view of the US army was perhaps most emphasised in the My Lai massacre in 1968. Throughout past wars the US army was seen as a symbol of justice and a manifestation of the good in that they were fighting to save the world but with the emergence of images and reports of events such as the Mai Lai Massacre there morality and ethics were questioned. Some even compared the US army to the Germans of World War Two in their way of psychologically thinking. â€Å"Two researchers concluded that Americans were deflecting the responsibility with the same defence mechanism the Germans used to rationalize the Holocaust. † The photography which emerged from the massacre by Ron Haeberle shocked the world and spurred many of the US into protesting against the war. (Fig4. Here we can clearly see why many considered comparing the US army’s actions to that of the German holocaust, the brutality and graphic detail which Haeberle’s photos captured had never been so widely distributed before. The terror on the faces or the sheer number of bodies appearing in some of the images had not been captured on camera before and these pictures were seen by thousands when they were published in magazines such as Life and greatly affected the visual culture intake of the American population. These particular photos had a huge influence on historical developments later in the war such as the protests and the investigations into what happened in the war. From looking at images such as photographs taken from the 1960s we can clearly see that the Vietnam had a huge influence on visual culture at the time and visual culture that would later emerge in the 70s. This was due to the fact that the war took up so many aspects of American life as it was a constant through the entire decade of the 60s. Regular exposure to the ugly realities of battle is thought to have turned the public against the war, forcing withdrawal of American troops and leaving the way clear for eventual Communist victory. †The visual culture was hugely influenced by the Vietnam War in the 60s it was mostly through photography and videos shown to the public by the media but later it influenced visual culture through art such as sculpture and painting. After the war ended in 1975 countless memorials were erected and many artists were inspired by the photographs this is evident in the sculpture The Three Soldiers Memorial sculpted in 1984 by Frederick Hart displayed in Washington. From looking at the Vietnam War throughout the 60s it is evident that it influenced the future of the visual culture as much as the visual culture influenced the developments of the war. The 60s decade can be defined as a decade of social revolution within the US. Many different causes gained strength and a massive following through their protests to further their cause. During this decade many protested for different reasons such as anti-war campaigners and those looking for the equal rights. There were movements for many different causes such as the African American civil rights movement, Hispanic and Chicano movement and the Gay Rights movement. For example with the Vietnamese War came protests against the war throughout the 60s. Those who were influenced by the atrocities shown in reports and images sent from Vietnam protested avidly throughout the 60s hence we can say the visual culture of the US had a great influence on the historical developments of the 60s, However although in the 60s protesting became very popular it was introduced through the Civil Rights movements in the late fifties early 60s and its idea of peaceful protesting. The 60s became a time associated with protest due to the vast amounts of protests staged for different reasons throughout the 60s. One of the major protest movements of the 60s was the Civil Rights Movement. These protests initially started in the late 50s but peaked in the 60s and were a catalyst of many other protests in the 60s. Those who protested for civil rights did so in a peaceful way and this greatly influenced the other protests such as the anti-war protests. Once again we can see that the visual culture through the medium of photography greatly influenced the development of these protests. Once again the population of the US was provided with images shocking to behold. The most influential case is perhaps the protest in Birmingham Alabama in 196 where the police reacted with unneeded violence. â€Å"Many argue that the dramatic clashes between nonviolent civil rights demonstrators and southern law enforcement in Birmingham and Selma were the principle impetus behind the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, respectively. † Photographers of the time captured the violence of the police force and once again widely distributed and impacted on the community causing widespread support for the movement. When we look at what photographers such as Bill Hudson and Bob Adelman captured in their photographs we can see why the visual culture had such an impact on the historical developments regarding the Civil Rights Movement (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The image of the youth being attacked by the police dog is very harrowing and controversial, through this image the US seen the severity of racism and its unneeded violence. This photo became a huge part of the visuality of the Civil Rights Campaign’s attempt to gain support from the rest of the US population due to the severity of the photo and how controversial it was. Meanwhile Hudson’s photo of the protestors grouping together to take cover from water cannons can be seen as a symbol of unification of the protestors against the oppression of the police force and the city of Birmingham. There are countless images such as these two that were taken from the Birmingham Campaign This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured in photography and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to desegregation and equal opportunity for the coloured population. This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other coloured people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured through the photographers and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to the gradual desegregation of the US and eventual equal opportunity for the coloured population. Figure 5. Bill Hudson. Birmingham Protest. 1963. Photograph. Available at Iconic photos http://iconicphotos. wordpress. om/2010/06/26/birmingham/. Figure6. Bob Adelman. Ingram Park Birmingham. 1963. Photograph. Available at J. Paul Getty Museum. http://www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=258562 . The Civil Rights Movement provided an example of peaceful protest which became a popular way of protesting throughout the 60s. The social group which held a majority of the protests at the time were third level students . â€Å"From the civil rights demonstrations of the early sixties, students have turned to protest both the war in Vietnam and the policies of their schools. It is no exaggeration to give college students credit for making Vietnam a national issue. †They were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and based their protests on the same ideology in peaceful protests. The 60s were a time of constant protest for students. The issues of the student protest movements range from racial discrimination, the war on poverty, and the war in Vietnam, to particular policies of the universities. However it was the anti- war protests that spurred the most conflict between the students and the authorities. The visual culture made impressions in developing the protests through the use of printing presses as seeing photos such as Faas’ or Adelman’s spurred the student bodies into action. With the emergence of the My Lai massacre and other such atrocities protests escalated to a climax at the end of the 60s with the Columbia University protests of 1968. Students discovered that the university was secretly affiliated with the Department of Defence’s weapon research and openly protested this affiliation with occupying university buildings and this eventually led to their violent removal. However it was this violence by the authorities that increased support for the protestors. â€Å"In his study of the Columbia Crisis in the spring of 1968, Barton (1968) found that the use of excessive police force against demonstrators had the effect of increasing the sympathy of faculty and students for the tactics (a sit-in and a general strike) employed by the demonstrators. † This violence recorded through the news and photographs once again captivated the US and encouraged many to take part in the protests (Fig. 7). The imagery taken from the by photographers such as Morris captured the harsh measures the authorities and when these pictures were published in newspapers and magazines people began to empathize with the protestors. It is evident in each movement that the media greatly influenced the historical developments through imagery such as photography. Through photography and the media it can be said that the visual culture impacted the outcome of many movements such as the African-American civil rights movements, the anti-war protests and the gradual end of the war. Figure 7. Larry C. Morris. Police forcing Columbia Students out. 968. Photograph. Available at The New York Times. Imagery was a huge part of protests throughout the 60s through photographs of the events but other visuals emerged with the protestor’s use of posters. With the gradual growth of homemade printing presses simple yet colourful posters began to emerge at protests. At protests there was a constant bombardment of simple yet very controversial. The poster entitled ‘it’s the real thing for S. E. Asia’ was simple, eye catching and precise the bright colour of the posters caught bystander’s eyes and presented its argument outwardly in the face of the public (Figure 8. . Posters such as the ‘it’s the real thing for S. E Asia’ were a common site at protests against Vietnam and mocked capitalism and the military tactics that were employed during the time. These protests were against the stupidity and brutality of the war emerged in the early 60s with controversial posters such as this one becoming a more common sight. Anti-war protests provided the majority of the controversial posters as they attempted to highlight the problems with the war. By nature these posters

Analysis Of The s Into The Wild

the main articles discussed in my English class and how each of these articles show relation to the essential question â€Å"What is success?† These passages include, â€Å"Into The Wild,† by Jon Krakauer, which shows success by introducing Chris McCandless and how he had shown his success by leaving home and setting out into the wild to live a successful life in his terms.â€Å"Nature,† by Ralph Waldo Emerson, shows how the author believes success is the natural and calm part of life and that even though succeeding†¦ An individual 's identity is how one perceives and differentiates themselves from others in their society. Outside factors such as family, friends, and society can have a major impact on how one views themselves. However, identity ultimately comes down to one’s own personal beliefs. In Jon Krakauer 's book Into the Wild, Krakauer investigates the life and death of Chris McCandless, a young man whose actions allow him to pursue a unique identity, but also lead to his untimely demise. In Stephen King’s†¦ Play Analysis Wild Party The given circumstances are 1. Queenie is a vaudeville performer, and Burrs is a vaudevillian clown. This information influences the play because it tells the audience how Queenie and Burrs met 2. Later on in the song Queenie Was a Blonde the audience learns that Queenie is sexually ambitious, and no one can satisfy her until she meets Burrs. During the opening number, it is mentioned that â€Å"and fireworks flew, her passion ignited, she was smitten†¦now Queenie and Burrs were†¦ living on his own with not many things for a couple of years, Chris died alone in a bus on the Stampede Trail in Alaska. Author Jon Krakauer wrote a 9,000 word article titled â€Å"Death of an Innocent† for the 1993 issue of the magazine Outside. Into the Wild is simply an extension of that article which explains what provoked Chris into living such a life, who he was, and how he died. The author proves to the reader that Chris was an intelligent man by explaining his research about edible plants and his†¦ experience worlds from another perspective. How a journey changes a person not only depends on the journey itself but also on the previous experiences of the person. Both texts ‘Into the Wild’ and Mirror explore their unique journeys through strong key concepts but show it in vastly different contexts. Into the Wilds’ Chris McCandless portrays the journeys of converting cultures, from capitalism and materialism to the purest and most natural form of being, disregarding the shackles of the known world†¦ Wisconsin and went on to save animals around the globe. He is a mentor in this line of work because of his variety of study and his success in animal awareness. Schaller focused on the conservation efforts of â€Å"the snow leopard, Tibetan antelope, and wild yak† for â€Å"nearly two decades† (Panthera). He has written books, and is honored with a multitude of awards for research. Schaller is a success because the years of his life dedicated on conservation efforts. In addition, he is revered for the positive†¦ Gloria Anzaldà ºa. This was because I had made some personal connections to Anzaldà ºa’s piece on How to Tame a Wild Tongue. It was interesting to read the struggles of someone who grew up within the U.S. and personally experienced not only a language barrier between those who speak only English but also those of Hispanic descent who speak different types of Spanish dialects. From How to Tame a Wild Tongue Anzaldà ºa argues about how taking away or making someone conform their native language takes their†¦ Into The Wild : Ang Tatlong Buwis Buhay na Manlalakbay A year ago my family and I went to Big Bear amid winter. We did snowboarding and did a pit fire around evening time and simply have a ton of fun. My experiences were fun but not risky and stunning voyages like three remarkable men who really live in nature. Chris McCandless yet change his name to Alexander Supertramp,a talented man who left his ordinary life to accomplish his fantasy of living in Alaska. Timothy Treadwell was a moderately aged†¦ 't have one but I would love to have one. I have seen one in the "wild". I don 't think that it would be conisdered as wild though but I have seen one outside of my city, in Baguio City in the Philippines, to be exact. In a hidden town, hundreds of years before, there were two people who loved each other and remained loyal to each other no matter what. The girl 's name is Noronia, and she is the daughter of a sultan. Her lover 's name is Gamaluddin, just any other commoner. Because of the difference†¦ 1. â€Å"Into the Wild† was a great movie and I really enjoyed getting to watch it in sociology class. Not only was the story itself amazing, exhilarating and breathtaking had an amazing lesson to teach. Everyone while growing up at one point in their life is bewildered, sad and indecisive who presumes it a good idea to run away from home. Children and young teens want to run away from home because they are ultimately enraged at how their parents treat, raise and/or punish them. Chris had finally had†¦

Foundation of business thoughts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundation of business thoughts - Assignment Example The second time he implied to show the selfishness of the rich people as they pursue their interest. Thirdly, time he was trying to show how the rich tries to support the interest of the public so that they can increase security of their wealth (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, pp.50-65). This is so because the desire to acquire wealth does not have an end because there are limitless want. This may further leads to war as one tries to balance between limitless wants and the available resources. Additionally, unlimited wants may cause one to overstep the necessary boundaries (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, 70-98). The society will view the current American society as a state that is highly dominated by capitalism while still surrounded by communist world. Rand further indicates that the current constitution seems not to be functional whereby; she kept referring to the legislature (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, pp.110-159). The statement aims to promote justice and fairness to lower social economic groups in the American society. Justice in courts and all spheres of life should prevail. Whereby, just like in the past catholic the statement implies that one should do good to others in the same way one would like other to good unto you (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, 160-185). 32. Explain Rand’s statement: When Money Ceases to be the tool by which men deal with one another then, men become the tools of men. Blood whips and guns-or dollar, taken your choice-there is no other-and your time is running out’ The statement tries to explain that, for one to get money one must work for rather than obtaining it with force from other people. This means that one must use his/her efforts to work hard and earn money. In addition, one must create value or deliver service or a product to other to earn money in a most justifiable means (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris,pp.180-204). The three ethical dilemmas include: in

Poverty and Social Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poverty and Social Inequality - Essay Example This essay seeks to examine the social problem of poverty and social inequality in terms of its current situation, how it affects people, the attitudes of people towards poverty. This study will delve in the main topic of poverty and social inequality under three main topics namely, the current poverty situation in America, The impact and influence of poverty on Americans and finally the attitudes towards poverty in America. The current poverty situation in America According to Locke (2012), the current social inequalities in America are manifested in the three main social classes namely the rich, the middle class and the poor citizens. The rich people have access to most of the country’s resources while the poor and the middle class have limited access to resources. There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor in the American society. The current economic situation is characterized with unemployment and high costs of living especially for the middle and lower classes (Lo cke, 2012). Huge increases in taxes for the middle and poor class citizens have only contributed to the unequal state of affairs. Locke (2012) claims that the current economic situation maintains social classes in the society by locking the poor people in the country from accessing quality education and decent jobs thus maintaining a vicious circle of poverty for most poor and middle class individuals. Yglesias (2012) on the other hand argues that the current poverty situation in the US emerged as a result of historical unequal distribution of resources and accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few individuals. The disparities in the social classes and the height of social inequalities became very clear during the economic recession (Yglesias, 2012). Despite these challenges, both the rich and the poor continue to work hard to reach their American dream which is to become all they ever wanted to be (Yglesias, 2012). One’s social class or poverty does not restrict them from working hard to achieve their dreams. Success in the American society is considered to be in terms of material possessions. According to Yglesias (2012), the current social class inequalities and poverty in the US are not stumbling blocks for most people, since they always find their own other ways of overcoming their class differences in order to achieve their desired goals. Anonymous. (2012) seems to agree with the opinion that Social class differences in the current economic situation in the US does not affect the mentality of the majority of the people in reaching their potential despite their class. It is the hard work that people put in whatever they do that makes the difference and not one’s current social class or poverty situation. The impact and influence of poverty on Americans Yglesias (2012), points out that poverty has had a huge impact on most citizens in the middle and poor class families. With the huge tax burden on the little income earned by the poor, they cannot access the best resources such as education, and health. Most of the poor citizens drop out of school at an early age (Yglesias, 2012). Poor American women get married earlier and bear children at a much younger age as

The Growing Population And Their Fight For Survival Essay

The Growing Population And Their Fight For Survival - Essay Example The author believes that the 9/11 tragedy emphasizes the scope of the danger which â€Å"weapons of mass destruction, and especially nuclear weapons, present to the humanity† (432). Prior to the catastrophe, many of its ingredients had already been obvious, including suicide bombers and the exaltation of the Asian hatred toward the West (Schell 433). The emergence of suicide bombers and the expanding market of nuclear weapons were both responsible for the escalation of violence (Schell 433). However, the hidden danger of the nuclear weapons in Russia and the United States can be more serious (Schell 433). Understanding the sources of the hate toward the United States is the task crucial for the future safety and stability in the U.S. (Schell 435). Atwood describes her visit Afghanistan in February 1978, several weeks before one of the most significant military conflicts broke out. Atwood writes that her relatives tried to change her plans (279). Yet, she could not lose the cha nce to see the houses of Kabul carved wood and taste the cultural and political atmosphere in the country (Atwood 279). Atwood visited the country with her child, and she hired a car to see the disastrous retreat of the British from Kabul (279). She felt the pressure of the cultural norms – men never talked to her directly, whereas women in the streets were wearing chadors (Atwood 280). She bought a chador in the market, and once put on, Atwood could feel turning blank in the visual field, being both there and not there (280).

Casual Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casual Factors - Essay Example mer includes such factors as genetic disposition and peri-natal conditioning, chemical imbalances, damages to the central nervous system, etc., while the latter includes such factors as schooling system, family and other cultural aspects. The remainder of this essay will foray into ways of identifying these factors, their consequences, and ways of mitigating them (Dodge, 1993) Emotional disorders caused by family can take several shapes. For example, a child that is constantly exposed to domestic violence, sexual abuse, excessive insults, constant poverty and loss of a parent can develop symptoms related to anxiety and depressive disorders. Some tell-tale signs of family-induced psychological disorders are: an introverted personality, academic underperformance, poor social skills, juvenile delinquency, etc. Recognizing early signs can be difficult as the affected children can assume a normal external disposition (Dodge, 1993). Usually, the underlying problem comes to light only after a traumatic episode. Nevertheless, child counselors can play a significant role in remedying some of the emotional and behavioral patterns through application of such techniques as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Primal Therapy, etc. Medications such as lithium, Buspirone, Fluoxetine, Bupropion, etc. can also be useful but have to be used with caution. Also, medications d on’t provide permanent cure but only temporary symptomatic relief. Hence, a prolonged counseling regime to change negative cognitive and behavior patterns is the most efficacious of the treatment options (Stewart, 1999). Emotional disturbances that are caused by an unsuitable school environment are similar to those that are caused by chaotic family circumstances. Inappropriate corporal punishments, bullying by peers, lack of proper attention from teachers, etc., can make the child feel sad and lonely. The child is also likely to experience feelings of guilt and worthlessness. The afflicted child

Costco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Costco - Essay Example As for pricing, the major strategy of Costco is that their prices should be for sure lower than those of the competitors. The company sells its products at prices 15-20% lower than other retailers or department stores. The philosophy of the organization is that while other companies are trying to sell at higher prices, Costco should be always finding ways to sell even cheaper. The business believes the major advantage of this strategy is that, first of all, in such a way they offer value. Secondly, this allows to make sure there will be no competitors in their niche – the company makes its prices so low that nobody else can enter their market. Thirdly, the goal of low prices is not only to sell today, but to be building a brand and a system that will be in the market for years. So, though shareholders’ income might not be as high as that of the rivals, Costco is aiming at long-term income instead of short-term financial success. The major distribution channels of the company are its warehouses, to which people come and choose products to buy. Another source of sales is their web-site, which allows to buy items that might not be available at the warehouse. Another advantage of the web-site is speeding up the sales process. For example, a customer may upload photos into the online photo center and pick the pictures at the local warehouse in about an hour. Selling at warehouses allows to company to save on fancy retail stores, salespeople, space rent fees and other attributes of traditional distribution. In addition, the warehouses’ working hours are shorter that those of other retailers, thus allowing Costco to save on labor. However, thought the company seems to be pretty successful, it is exposed to certain risks related to both the country’s economy and the company’s operations mode and strategy. According to Costco, among the greatest risks of the company is strong competition – Costco competes with a great number of retailers, department

Methods ProjectUsing data from the National Child Development Survey Essay

Methods ProjectUsing data from the National Child Development Survey (NCDS) explore the extent to which the British education system has a meritocratic outcome - Essay Example Social mobility has become an issue even in politics since each and every policy now deals with whether it will allow people to change or rise from the current situation (Marshall, G. & Swift, A. 1996). According to Saunders, P. (1997), mmobility in Britain compares to that in the US only that, that fro Britain is declining since the haves have benefited from education opportunities. According to Scott, J. (1999), class is a matter of social background within which one is brought up in. to him, class is reflected right in our attitudes and in our lifestyles as well as in our talking accents and in the way we dress. To him further, social stratification is a particular way of dividing people in a particular way on emphasis of the idea that, individuals are distributed in levels of social hierarchy due to their economic relations or their economic value. These are real social groupings are able to reproduce themselves over time and are forged together through economic relations and the associated social relations as well as social interactions i.e. groupings of people who have similar occupations, similar marriages, who are kins etc. To Saunders, P. (1997), the interrelations between social stratification and things like gender, ethnicity and age are very complex and all combined structure these social divisions; inequalities are gendered, are racialised and are aged. To him, social exclusion and discrimination which is based on gender and ethnicity generate inequalities in life chances in Britain and other countries. Swift, A. (2002) argues that, surveys of children who were born in the 1950s and the 1970s reveals low mobility due to increasing positive relationship between family income and educational attainment by the children.  According to him, additional education opportunities which allow them to stay in education at age 16 and age 18 benefits children from

Modular Construction Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Modular Construction - Dissertation Example As mentioned before, the increase in the demand for an economical and quick delivery for buildings both in the domestic and commercial scenarios, the innovation in the construction industry should be investigated. The modular construction method being an increasingly deployed method of construction in the UK, and the fact that it is an innovative method of construction to the existing methods makes it a natural choice of analysis in this research. Furthermore, the increasing demand for efficiency in management to reduce costs and loss of resources in the construction industry justifies the choice of research since the modular construction methods involve extensive use of project management methodologies, which will be discussed in the research chapters of this report. The scope of this research is restricted to the commercial and domestic building construction as the construction industry in the UK includes many segments like the road construction and other public utilities building construction. Although it is argued widely that the modular construction method can be deployed in these areas of construction as well, the limitations with the resources and time involved in this research that is academic in nature is the limiting factor to the scope of this report. 1.4: Chapter Overview: Chapter 1: Introduction This is the current chapter that presents the reader with the aim and objectives of the report along with a brief overview on the research envisaged in this report. Chapter 2: Literature Review In this chapter an overview on the construction industry is presented to the reader with the focus on the

Origins of World War II Essay Example for Free

Origins of World War II Essay After the end of the First World War, the statesmen of all the major countries felt that such alarming war must anyhow be averted in order to ensure international peace, security and safety. This is why the League of Nations was set up and it was believed that such a ‘multinational’ organization would be able to peacefully settle all international disputes and guarantee peace and security in the international sphere. However, the success or failure of the League actually depended upon the attitude and activity of its members, particularly the Big Powers. But, unfortunately, soon it was found that the major Powers were at cross purposes. They adopted their foreign policy in their own interest and showed little respect to the principles underlying the League of Nations. Particularly, the dream of three allies – Germany, Japan and Italy was fundamentally different from the ideals of the Western Powers and Soviet Russia. The Trio (Germany, Japan and Italy) intended to have some share in the Afro-Asian areas which had already been divided among the Western Powers. Thus, it was really a conflict between two policies – â€Å"status quo† and â€Å"New Order†. Flouting the League The first shock to League of Nations was given by Japan. In 1931 Japan violated the League Covenant and the Kellogg Pact by occupying the Chinese territory of Manchuria and setting up a puppet state there. China appealed to the League which condemned this act of aggression and appointed a commission under Lord Litton to report. But the fulmination of the League had no effect on Japan who, when the commission’s report went against her, withdrew from the League in 1933. The defection of Japan was a serious blow to the League. But worse was to come when Germany had begun secretly rearm to arm as soon as Hitler came into power. But after the failure of the Disarmament Conference, Hitler came into the open. In 1935, he repudiated those clauses of the Treaty of Versailles which had imposed limitations on her armed strength, and reintroduced conscription. In the next year he denounced the Locarno Treaty and re-occupied and refortified those zones of the Rhineland, which had been demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles. The Great Powers were at cross purposes and so nothing was done to resist Hitler’s insolent violation of the treaty obligations. Italy under Mussolini pursued an imperial policy and in 1935 made an unprovoked attack upon Abyssinia, a member of the League. The emperor of Abyssinia, Haile Selassie, appealed to the League against the act of wanton aggression. The League declared Italy to be the aggressor and recommended the application of economic sanctions. The Italian campaign was short, swift and brutal. After some resistance Haile Selassie fled abroad and his capital Addis Ababa was occupied by Italian troops. The King of Italy was proclaimed Emperor of Abyssinia. Italy withdrew from the League of Nations in 1936. Foreign Policies and International Relations When Hitler came to power he was pledge to recover for Germany the position of power and importance which she had held before the First World War. He envisaged the formation of a ‘Third Reich’ or empire which would include all Germans in a new or greater German state. This involved the ultimate absorption of Germans in a new or greater German state. This involved the ultimate absorption of German-populated regions of Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. The dictated treated treaty which Germany had been forced to accept stood in the way of realizing his ambition. Hence Hitler was determined to tear away the Treaty of Versailles which had imposed humiliating restrictions upon Germany, and to make her a power to reckon with. His first significant step in this direction was to withdraw from the Disarmament Conference and to announce a program of conscription. Next he left the League of Nations and openly flouted it by occupying the demilitarized Rhineland. England, France tamely acquiesced in this violation of treaty obligation and so Hitler was encouraged to take larger risks. The Phony War-the events of Europe especially the civil war associated with Spain prove beyond doubt that the shadow of Fascism was falling across Europe, long before the actual outbreak of World War II. The Spanish civil war which broke out in 1936 was an event of utmost importance. It has been aptly called the ‘Little World War’ because it involved all other powers. The Spanish civil war was a prelude to World War II. In Spain, Italy and Germany is defiance of the principal ‘Collective Security’ undermined a democratic government and Britain and France demonstrated a complete callousness which resulted in the victory of Fascism in Spain. The outcome of Spanish Civil War foreshadowed that, in future, Fascisms might apply the same tactics on a bigger scale. The smoldering discontent against monarchy forced Alfonzo XIII of Spain to leave the country in April 1931. Immediately afterwards President Zamora declared Spain to be republic. In Spain the extreme republicans started anti-clerical riots and centrifugal tendencies demonstrated themselves in the attempt to establish autonomy in Catalonia and certain other provinces. The election of the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1931, showed a definite landslide for republicanism and in the Cortes the socialists with 117 seats became the largest single group. Spain adopted a radical republican constitution based on German, Soviet and Mexican model with a president and a cabinet responsible to the Cortes. The Church was deprived of its hold over education and civil liberties were guaranteed. Expropriation of the large landed estates proceeded apace. Most of these reforms were carried out by the radical minister Manuel Asana. In the election of 1933 the Asana government fell the Cortes was dominated by a moderate coalition ministry which did not enforce the laws against landed estates and church. Premier Lerroux tried to establish a pro-Fascist government and suppressed the radical opposition. President Zamora now dissolved the Cortes and ordered fresh election in 1936. In the election of February, 1936, the popular Front parties composed to republicans’ socialists and communists secured 258 seats and the right parties 215. Asana became the president and Santiago Cascaras Quiroga became the Premier. The government had to face immediate opposition from unruly groups like Spanish Phalanx and the Army. The attempt of the Government to steer a middle course failed to quell disturbances and the Fascists after careful preparation staged a military revolt on June 18. Military revolts took place in a number of garrison towns in Spain and Spanish Morocco. During the Spanish imbroglio Hitler had learnt all he needed about the weakness of the victors of Versailles. He had found that this intervention in Spain had not met with any resistance from the powers and so he was emboldened to embark upon a policy of naked aggression. He turned his attention to Austria whose union with Germany had been expressly prohibitive by the treaty of Versailles. He encouraged Nazi agitation within Austria, bullied the Austrian chancellor into appointing a Nazi minister and forced him to agree to conduct foreign affairs as Germany’s dictator. Germany and Italy were naturally interested in installing a Fascist power in Spain. The Salazar government of Portugal saw in the radical republic the germs of Bolshevik state and activity aided and abetted in its downfall. Italy and Germany saw in the rise of a Fascist Spain great advantage to their cause. Ideologically the adherence of Spain would help the spread of Fascism and materially it would weaken France increase the possibility of exploiting Spanish mines and raw materials in a future war against democracies and strengthen the hold of Italy in the Western Mediterranean. The Labor opposition strongly urged help to Government legally constituted. But Stanley Baldwin and even Churchill, who opposed the Nazi aggression on every other issue, felt that nothing could be done for helping the Republicans. The behavior of the French government during this period was an enigma to the rest of the world. The Republic was in dire need of more arms but contrary to all expectations the French Popular Front government prohibited all export of arms to Spain on July 25, 1936. This was a violation of an earlier agreement whereby France had undertaken to supply arms to Spain. The British government was steering a middle course. It was unwilling to alienate Italy whose friendship was earnestly sought for as a counterpoise to Nazi Germany. When Blum suggested the formation of a Committee of Non-Intervention it was welcomed. This committee was formed in August 1936, with twenty seven nations. The purpose of the committee was to enforce the agreement reached among powers to hold a ring around Spanish Civil War so that others might not be involved in it and to prevent any military aid on either side. The Fascists power had no intention of letting down Franco and while Britain and France meticulously applied the principle of non-intervention to prohibit export arms to Spain, the rebels received planes, munitions and men from Germany, Italy and Portugal. Thus while the legitimate government of Spain was deprived of all aids from outside and ran short of the sinews of war, in the name of non-intervention, the rebels secured active foreign aid. The League Council passed a resolution in May 1936, and directed all other states not to intervene in the Spanish Civil war. The Fascist powers were now free to act as they liked Spain. Men and arms poured to the rebels while the legitimate government suffered from lack of supply due to the intervention of the Committee of Non-intervention. The dubious role of the Non-Intervention Committee merely provided a shield for Fascist aggression in Spain. Italy and Germany were allowed to strike another blow at the democracies. Next in 1938 he poured troops into Austria and incorporated it in Nazi empire. Till now Italy had been the most effective protector of Austria, but she was now busy with her own acts of aggression in Abyssinia and so did not interfere with a fellow aggressor. The ease with which Hitler had annexed Austria whetted his territorial appetite and encouraged him to further acts of aggression (Paul 59). Czechoslovakia an artificial creation of the peace treaties contained a considerable element of German population. Hitler first began a ‘war of nerves’ by a bombardment of accusation, abuse and menaces and then declared that his patience had been exhausted. He peremptorily demanded that Sudetenland which was predominantly inhabited by the Germans should be ceded to the Reich and that he would take it by force it peaceful means failed. At that time, Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, tried to persuade Hitler to resist himself. Soon the Munich Pact was signed by the Big Powers and they intended to satisfy Hitler by giving him Sudetenland of Czech-Slovakia. As Fleming observes, â€Å"Nations have often being conquered by enemies, but never before a proud and worthy people been bludgeoned into submission by its own allies† (Fleming 56). Thus, Hitler was encouraged to proceed towards Poland and soon the crisis further aggravated. Original of world war II- having taken Memel Hitler began to mature plans for an assault upon Poland. He demanded the Danzig should be incorporated in the German Reich and the Polish Corridor should be ceded to Germany. This was the last straw. Chamberlain gave up his policy of appeasement and announced that in the event of an aggression on Poland, Great Britain would come to the rescue the Polish government. Thus, when Germany attacked Poland, the Second World War broke out, because Britain and France now realized that the policy of appeasement ended in a fiasco (Ray 112). So long, Hitler had intended to neutralize Britain and had signed a non-aggression Pact with Soviet Russia. Naturally, he thought that now he would find little resistance against his plan of occupying the Polish Corridor. In fact, he desired to localize the the Polish war on which he had set his heart. To isolate Poland, Hitler now attempted to win Great Britain. In a message, delivered verbally to the British Ambassador, Sir Neville Henderson, he expressed his desire to solve in his own way the question of Polish Corridor and Danzig, but at the same time, he pledged himself for the continuance of British Empire. He even expressed his readiness to render German assistance, if required, to Britain. On August 28, the British Government proposed direct negotiation for resolving the differences between Poland and Germany. Hitler in reply demanded that Warsaw should send an emissary with full powers to negotiate with German government. The proposal had no chance of being accepted and the British government in reply sent a counter-proposal of a restoration of normal contact. It was presented by Neville Henderson to Foreign Minister Ribbentrop on August 30. On September 1, the German army marched into the Polish territory to execute ‘Case White’. A last-minute effort for peace by Mussolini failed and the Anglo-French Powers declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. Conclusion Thus, the outbreak of the Second World War was not at all a surprising affair. In fact, the Big Powers pursued different policies in self interest and when their unity was badly needed, they differed with from one another. Soviet Russia alone emphasized on the policy of a united stand, because it believed in the doctrine ‘peace is indivisible’. However, the capitalist countries like Britain and France talked with it for common safety but, in reality, they adopted a half-hearted policy. While France was directly involved in a rivalry with Germany, Britain intended to keep a safe distance. As Winston Churchill, the former British Prime Minister, held â€Å"Clemenceau or Poincare would have left Mr. Baldwin no option† (Churchill 154). In other words, France intended to fight against German militarism, but Chamberlain was not ready to join it. America was outside the league at that time, and hence, it had no responsibility to prevent the Global War. The Spanish Civil War and the weakness of France actually encouraged Hitler to continue his aggressive policy (Fleming, The Origin of the Cold War, 62). Moreover, Italy and Japan were longing for some territorial advantage against the wishes of the Western Powers. In such circumstances, a Global War was the only inevitability.

Railway ticketing lines Essay Example for Free

Railway ticketing lines Essay This proposal will outline a comprehensive proposal for setting up railway ticket selling and information center for Paddington Railway Station. This will be achieved through outlining the operational as well as management aspects of the project. Operational Issues Waiting is often considered as frustrating and a boring job which most of the passengers have to bear while waiting for their turn to receive tickets for their journey. For a learning organization, it is therefore necessary that a system of procedures shall be implemented which helped it achieve the operational excellence by carefully managing different timings i. e. peak times, low times etc during ticket selling procedure. Since it is often believed that services are experienced and goods are consumed therefore from a operational point of view management of waiting lines carries great significance in order to achieve necessary efficiency as well as productivity. (Maister,1985). We propose to manage waiting lines during following times: Peak Hours We propose to set up different counters i. e. increase number of counters to manage peak hours. This will allow us to reduce time spent on delivering each ticket or providing information. Queuing theory will be used to manage peak hours also. (Young, 1996). In order to avoid the usual problems happening at this time, we also intend to upgrade our database and system in order to analyze the travelling patterns of passengers coming at this time. This would allow us to prepare in advance to gather resources which best suit that time and type of customers. Interpeak Hours Waiting lines during this period will be managed by increasing the coordination between the counters and the passengers. This will be achieved by employing extra professionals who will guide our customers to right counters and will provide them right guidance to reach the correct counter to receive their tickets. Off Peak Hours Since off peak hours do not produce the similar amount of passenger rush therefore normalized operations with focus on delivering accurate service will be performed. It is also important that this will be the time which also be utilized for marketing purposes. References 1. David Maister. (1985). the Psychology of Waiting Lines. Available: http://davidmaister. com/articles/5/52/. Last accessed 8 November 2008. 2. Scott T. Young, (1996). Managing Global Operations: Cultural and Technical Success Factors. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. 209.

Influences Of Mother Tongue On Second Language English Language Essay

Influences Of Mother Tongue On Second Language English Language Essay In many research on second language classroom, the role and influences of mother tongue or first language (L1) on second language (L2) learning has always been a hotly debated issue. There have always been contradicting views about whether or not to use L1 of the students in the second language classroom. During the past 30 years, in the late seventies to early eighties, the idea of using mother tongue in language classroom was not a favored one. Majority of the language classroom used solely L2 while the use of L1 is avoided totally (Liu, 2008). In fact, many supported the use of L2 only so as to provide full exposure to that language. The use of L1 in the language classroom is deemed as depriving the learners input in L2 (Ellis, 1984). Despite the many arguments from both proponents and opponents of the use of L1 in the L2 language classroom, linguistic researchers failed to provide a conclusion for this issue and could not reach a common ground on whether the use of L1 is considered as a facilitator or a barrier in the acquisition of second language. According to Nation (2003), L2 should be fully utilized as much as possible in a foreign language classroom (in this context, English). Though L2 should be the core language used in classroom management and learning, the use of L1 should not be abandoned as it has a minute but significant role in language learning (Nation, 2003). Apart from Nation (2003), there are many linguists and researchers in the field of second language acquisition who agreed that L1 should be utilized in the language classroom in particular with students who are not highly proficient in the target language (Swain Lapkin, 2000; Tang, 2002; Mattioli 2004). This suggests that L1 plays an important role in the language classroom especially for the low proficiency learners. However, not many empirical studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of using L1 as a tool for low proficiency learners in L2 classroom (Bouangeune, 2009). Therefore, this paper seeks to find evidence to support the theory that L1 can facilitate the learning of L2 in the classroom learning. Classroom learning for languages encompasses four language skills, for example, reading comprehension, writing, and vocabulary learning. As a head start, this paper will examine the use of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning. 1.2 Research Objectives Liu (2008) did a rather straightforward and comprehensive research on the effects of L1 use on L2 vocabulary learning. In his study, he managed to prove that bilingual vocabulary teaching method is actually suitable for Chinese EFL learners (Liu, 2008). Inspired by his research, this study aims to address the problem of low proficiency learners in Malaysian secondary government school. This study will replicate the research done by Liu (2008) to investigate the role of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning. Also, this study intended to identify whether L1 is a facilitator or a barrier to the L2 vocabulary learning in Malaysian context and how L1 facilitates the language learning. The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of L1 use in L2 vocabulary learning on low proficiency L2 learners. 1.3 Research Questions Based on the objective, this study seeks to measure how L1 facilitates the low proficiency L2 learners to understand the meanings of new words. This study aims to answer the following questions: What are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom? To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning. From here, we propose the following hypotheses: There are significant differences between the performances of students with different language approach in the vocabulary learning. The bilingual approach (incorporating L1 in L2 classroom learning) is suitable to low proficiency L2 learners. 1.4 Purpose of the Study This study sets to focus on L2 vocabulary learning due to the reason that acquisition of vocabulary has a fundamental role in learning a second language (SÃ ¶kmen, 1997). In other words, vocabulary learning is inter-related to other language skills. A number of studies claimed that L2 learners need to have extensive knowledge of vocabulary as it is useful in the long term run (Nation, 2001). Since the acquisition of vocabulary is so important in learning a second language, effective ways of teaching and learning vocabulary should be emphasized. Research has confirmed that proper application of L1 can effectively assist the memorization of new words during L2 vocabulary learning process. Liu (2008) used the fact that L1 is present in L2 learners mind, therefore, whether the teacher uses L1 or not, the L2 knowledge that is being formed in their mind is linked in all sorts of ways with their L1 knowledge. This observation is supported from the sociocultural theory perspective that L1 meanings continue to have a persistent effect in the L2 learning (Lantolf Thorne, 2006). Therefore, it is hope that through this study, we are able to draw some insights concerning the role of L1 and how L1 provides a familiar and effective way for acquiring and understanding the meaning of new words in L2 vocabulary learning. 1.5 The Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework for this study is based on three prominent second language acquisition theory, namely the Krashens Monitor Model (1985), Swains Output Hypothesis (1985) and Comprehensible Output (1995) and Longs Interaction Hypothesis (1996). It has been widely acknowledged that the three constructs of these theories, the input, interaction and output are closely related elements in L2 learning (Zhang, 2009). The input is vital for language acquisition. However, input alone is not sufficient. In addition, interaction comes into play as an equally important role in the process of learning. As for output, it is the final result or the goal in learning L2. 1.5.1 Krashens Input Hypothesis The Input Hypothesis is the most important hypothesis out of the five hypotheses generated by Krashen (1985) in second language acquisition. This hypothesis aims to explain how learners acquire a second language. It claims that language input (vocabulary) is important to acquisition. For the acquisition of L2 vocabulary, comprehensible input is an essential factor. Learners tend to achieve optimal acquisition when they are able to understand most of the input while being challenged by some new vocabulary (Castro, 2010).

Casinos Impacts Australia Essay -- Business, Tourist Destination

In the 1970s to 1990s, the number of casinos in Australia has been increasing which has helped the Australian economy. This is because the casino industry is one of the industries that are highly taxed as well as a popular tourist destination in Australia. The casino industry can increase the employment rate when it requires additional infrastructure and public services. Casinos have a positive economic contribution as it attracts a large number of tourists to travel to Australia for the purpose of gambling. On the other hand, casinos do have negative social impacts as studies have shown the casino industry can cause a variety of problems such as health and family problems. Australia has restricted the number of casinos to be developed as studies have shown that as gambling becomes convenient, there will be an increase in incidence rates of problem and compulsive gambling. According to the National Opinion Research Centre, $5 billion per a year would be spent on problem and compulsiv e gamblers. As a result, this essay will be using various articles, reports and websites to critically analyse the positive economic contributions as well as the negative social and economic impacts of the having the casino industry in Australia. Casinos are seen as a potential tourist destination in Australia. Tourists are willing to travel to other destinations to gamble since gambling is seen as a novelist entertainment when compared with other entertainment such as cinema and sports (Novak & Allsop 2009). Statistics in 2006 to 2008 showed an increase of tourists who has travelled to Australia for the purpose of gambling. An increase in tourists travelling to Australia would benefit the Australian economy as it will generate more revenue. According... ... the purpose of gambling have increased because people considered gambling as a novelist entertainment when compared with other entertainment. The increase of tourists in Australia has helped the economy because of the revenue it generates from the tourists. However, casinos do have negative social and economic impacts in Australia. Compulsive gamblers and those who are affected by compulsive gamblers would suffer similar serious consequences as result of the casino industry. The increased in the number of casinos is the cause of gambling problems as it has made it more convenient for people to gamble. Casinos can cause significant depression, anxiety, suicide ideation and other problems. Approximately $48 million to $150 million was the social costs for problem gamblers. Therefore, casinos can be seen as either having a positive or a negative impact in Australia.

Select Two Short Stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle which you Believe :: Free Essay Writer

Select Two Short Stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle which you Believe are Particularly Effective Examples of the Detective Fiction Genre. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses many literary devices to convey an impression of suspense and mystery. To do this, he uses a proven formula in all his stories which the readers find effective. He was successful because his stories dealt with the relevant problems of that time such as; inept policing, Jack the Ripper, opium dens, and so Sherlock Holmes was the antidote and exactly what everyone needed, he was an extremely well-developed character. It was early days of the genre and so people didn’t know what to expect, it was a totally new read and many enjoyed it. Doyle’s stories dealt with known and familiar locations and issues such as the role of science being true and not superstition or religion. It was very successful in the late 19th century and early 20th, but some people today say that it has slow moving and two-dimensional plots. This may be due to the obsession of technology today or the relationship between violence and the genre today. The two stories I will be exploring in depth are, ‘The Cardboard Box’, and ‘The Speckled Band’ and there will be references to other stories as well. I will be comparing the features in the stories and exploring the style of Doyle and the detective genre and why it was so successful. To ensure that the mystery itself is properly described, no detail is left out and this creates vivid images. The details that Doyle puts across are not softened in any way and this makes the story seem more believable. He goes to great lengths to describe everything so that a full picture can be constructed without leaving anything to the imagination. The Cardboard Box is about a mystery where two ears are sent to a lady and Holmes has to find out whose ears they are and why they were sent to the lady. The story starts with Watson and Holmes in conversation with reflects their friendship for each other and in most stories they are shown to be loyal to each other. They read an article in the newspaper about Miss Cushing who receives a parcel with â€Å"Two human ears, apparently quite freshly severed.† Holmes goes to see Miss Cushing and they talk about the mystery. â€Å"That is my trade†, shows the arrogance of Holmes which is shown in nearly all the stories. Holmes does his investigating with Watson at his side. He finds out all the information he wants from Miss Cushing.

Fiscal Policy of the Republican Party :: essays papers

Fiscal Policy of the Republican Party When Bill Clinton and the Democrats stormed to power in 1992, their anthem was the 1970s rock ditty "Don't Stop Thinking About Tomorrow." In the aftermath of their crushing defeat in November, Democrats today are humming a different tune, that of the 1960s surf classic Wipeout. And you have to go back even further than that--to 1952, to be exact--to truly understand the magnitude of the catastrophe that befell the Democrats. That was the last time Republicans, sporting big grins and "I like Ike" buttons, won the House and Senate. When the 104th Congress began it’s rule, the Republican party became king of the Hill, thanks to angry voters who turned the election into a search-and-destroy mission. The GOP easily won the Senate and seized control of the House by grabbing a mind-boggling 52 seats. After two years of watching him struggle, voters bellowed "Time's up," opting for a divided government. The ascendant Republicans and their Sunbelt Democratic allies can now supplant Clinton-style activism with their conservative agenda--a hard-edged vision of limited government. "We will not only be able to kill bad legislation, we'll be able to dictate the flow of legislation," crowed Representative William Paxon, now chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee. At the time Clinton had to come to terms with sharing power with some of his least favorite people: Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole and Speaker Newt Gingrich. Many top executives (an overwhelming 85% according to a Newsweek magazine pole, Nov. 1993) rated Clinton's performance as fair to poor. The genetic code of the Republican party is to create an environment that is more conducive to business. For Republicans, the immediate goal now is to hold their position as the majority in both houses of congress and win control of the White House. They want to cut taxes, restrain spending, and be more innovative in delivering services to the people. they have uncorked dramatic initiatives, among them a call for a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution, a new attack on deficit spending, and tax relief for the middle class. They want to slash welfare rolls, stiffen criminal penalties, and limit lawmakers' terms and perks. And they'll promote new regulatory relief for business. Chopping away with machetes is just what the Armies of the Right have had to do.

Ethnic entrepreneurs, ethnic precincts and tourism: The case of Sydney, Australia Essay

Australia, one of the most cosmopolitan of contemporary western societies, has a long history of immigrant entrepreneurship, with many ethnic groups significantly over-represented in entrepreneurial activities, particularly in the small business sector of the Australian economy. Immigrant enterprises, mainly small businesses, generate significant economic growth, employment opportunities and import export activity across a broad range of industries in Australia. The experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia vary considerably, with diversity in pathways to immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia evident for both male and female immigrant entrepreneurs. This means that `one size will not fit all, pointing to the need for a diverse, complex policy response to immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia today. In Australia, immigrants have a slightly higher rate of entrepreneurship (18.8%) than non immigrants (16.3%). However, some immigrant groups, such as the Koreans, have much higher rates of entrepreneurship compared to non-immigrants and other immigrant groups. In order to understand the dynamics of immigrant entrepreneurship (Waldinger et al., 2010), stressed the importance of understanding the interaction between the group characteristics of immigrant communities and the opportunity structure in their host country when they settled. This in turn helps explain the rates of entrepreneurship and the characteristics of immigrant enterprises. Light and Rosenstein (2009) developed the concept of group characteristics in more detail. Immigrants draw on ethnic resources, they argued, which include ‘ethnic ideologies, industrial paternalism, solidarity, social networks, ethnic institutions and social capital’. Immigrants also have access to class and other resources that they bring to entrepreneurship and to the ‘ethnic economy’ (Light and Gold 2010). Immigrant entrepreneurship continued to be a feature in Australia in the post-1945 period as Australia embarked on a large scale immigration program that delivered nearly 7 million immigrants, with immigrants a greater proportion of the Australian population than most other western nations (OECD 2011). The ethnic diversity of contemporary Australian society is reflected in the Australian small business sector. In Australia, as in other countries, restaurants, food and other retailing are areas of the economy with a strong immigrant presence (Collins and Low 2010). Australia is shaped by the intersection of a number of factors: ethnic resources and networks, class resources, regimes of regulation, inclusion/exclusion, opportunity, gender, radicalization and family. Collins and Low (2010) argued that while the international research rightly stressed the extent to which immigrant entrepreneurship is embedded in family relationships with immigrant women playing an important role in their husband’s businesses, it is important to recognize the many immigrant women themselves become entrepreneurs in their own right. One key fact that emerges from the Australian research is the increasing diversity of the paths to immigrant entrepreneurship (Collins 2009). Some immigrants arrive in Australia as successful business migrants with ample start-up capital. Other immigrants arrive with high professional and educational qualifications to enable them to fill labour shortages in the corporate sector, though minority immigrants often reach an ‘accent ceiling’ that constrains their promotion opportunities. Others tread the ‘traditional’ path from low-wage jobs to entrepreneurship. Finally, some immigrants see entrepreneurship as an alternative to unemployment and take advantage of federal government programs to assist the unemployed to establish business enterprise. The Australian research on immigrant entrepreneurship (Collins, 2009) shows that there is increasing diversity in the paths that new immigrants take to entrepreneurship: some were previously unemployed, while others were manual labourers before opening a small business. Some must attain university qualifications that are prerequisites for entering the professions (such as doctors, dentists, accountants and lawyers) and opening a private practice, others leave corporate jobs to become entrepreneurs, while still others, business migrants were already established as entrepreneurs before migrating to Australia. The Australian research also points to a diversity of class background among and between birthplace groups of immigrant entrepreneurs (Collins, 2011) and a great diversity in educational achievement. Australian immigrant enterprises are very diverse, and so policy is required to respond to that diversity. While many immigrant enterprises produce or sell ethnic products such as food, coffee or artifacts, many others do not. Immigrant entrepreneurs are spread across the economy, with businesses in the services sector of the economy, including retail, real estate, finance, media and tourism. Others are professionals such as doctors, dentists and architects who run their own private practices. The Federal Australian Government promotes immigrant entrepreneurship directly though it’s permanent and temporary immigration policy (Collins, 2011). Australia introduced an Entrepreneurial Migration Category in November 1976 to allow immigrant entrepreneurs with detailed business proposals and capital to enter Australia under the permanent migration programme as migrant settlers. Over the years this policy has been fine-tuned in the wake of the identification of anomalies in the programme. Evaluations of this programme suggest that it is largely successful. Today business owners, senior executives and investors can apply for a visa under the Business Skills category. The main problem appears to be in attracting a sufficient number of entrants under this category, with Australia facing strong competition from other Western countries, including Canada. In March 2003 three Business Skills Processing Centres were opened and a two-stage process was introduced, whereby business migrants are granted a Business Skills (Provisional) visa for four years. If they establish a business or maintain their legal investment over the four-year period they become eligible to apply for a Business Skills (Residence) visa, an entrepreneurial pathway to permanent residence in Australia. A direct permanent residence category is still available for high-calibre business migrants sponsored by State and Territory governments, known as the Business Talent visa. In addition to these immigration policy initiatives, a number of Federal Government agencies assist immigrant entrepreneurship, directly or indirectly. One Federal scheme, the New Enterprise Incentive Scheme (NEIS), was designed to assist cash-poor unemployed people in entering the setting-up phase of a business enterprise, allowing them to take advantage of business training and draw on future unemployment benefits during the period in which the business enterprise is being established. The State governments play a key role in the regulation of enterprises in Australia, including those owned by immigrants. These regulations relate to issues such as health and safety requirements and employment conditions, including wages, impacting on immigrant and non-immigrant entrepreneurs. For example, a decision in the 1980s to permit outdoor dining in the State of New South Wales meant that al fresco eating became possible for the first time. Today many immigrant enterprises are concentrated in the food industry, with ethnic restaurants and cafes, most with outdoor tables, in evidence across metropolitan and regional Australia. Ethnic precincts are key spatial sites though, significantly, not the only sites of the ethnic economy in the city (Collins, 2011). In central or suburban parts of the city, ethnic precincts are essentially clusters of ethnic or immigrant entrepreneurs in areas of the city that are designated as ethnic precincts by place marketers and Government officials. They are characterized by the presence of a substantial number of immigrant or ethnic entrepreneurs who populate the streets of the precinct selling food, goods or services to co-ethnics and non-co ethnics alike. Ethnic precincts come in a number of forms. Often they tend to be associated with one ethnic group, as evinced by districts. Each of these ethnic precincts has been developed with the financial and marketing support of local government. Ethnic festivals become key moments in promoting the precinct to a broader clientele, including tourists. Promotion of ethnic festivals is a key element of any strategy to promote immigrant entrepreneurship. Policies designed to develop and promote ethnic precincts (Collins and Kunz, eds,2010), the ethnic economy and urban ethnic tourism(Rath, ed, 2010) will, in turn, help the immigrant entrepreneurs whose small businesses are located in clusters in particular. The important growth in female immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia, like other countries, also suggests a need for policies to be sensitive to matters related to intersection of ethnicity and gender. This area requires further research in Australia. Moreover, minorities face barriers in respect to language difficulties and racism and prejudice, issues that do not confront non-immigrant entrepreneurs. References Collins, J and Low. A. (2010)â€Å"Asian female immigrant entrepreneurs in Small and Mediumsized Businesses in Australia†, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Volume 22 Issue 1, January 2010, pp 97-111. Collins, J. (2009), â€Å"Ethnic Diversity Down Under: Ethnic Precincts in Sydney†, International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities and Nations, no. 4, pp. 1043-53. Collins, J. and Kunz, P. (2010), â€Å"Ethnic entrepreneurs, ethnic precincts and tourism: The case of Sydney, Australia† in Richards, G. (ed.), Tourism Creativity and Development, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 201-14. Collins, J. (2011), â€Å"Ethnic Diversity Down Under: Ethnic Precincts in Sydney†, International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities and Nations, no. 4, pp. 1043-53. Collins, J. and Kunz, P. (2010), â€Å"Ethnic entrepreneurs, ethnic precincts and tourism: The case of Sydney, Australia† in Richards, G. (ed.), Tourism Creativity and Development, London and New York: Routledge, pp. 201-14. Light, I. and Rosenstein, C. (2009), Race, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in Urban America, Aidine de Gruyter, New York.Light, I. and Gold, S. J. (2010), Ethnic Economies, Academic Press, San Deigo.OECD (2010), Open for Business: Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries, OECD Publishing, Paris.OECD (2011), International Migration Outlook: SOPEMI 2011, OECD Publishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/migr_outlook-2011-en Rath, J. (ed.) (2010), Tourism, Ethnic Diversity and the City, New York: Routledge. Stromback, T. and Malhotra, R. (1994), Socioeconomic Linkages of South Asian Immigrants with their Country of Origin, Canberra: Australian GovernmentPublishing Service. Rezaei (2011) Royal delicacies at peasant prices: cross-national differences, common grounds – towards an empirically supported theory of the informal economic activities ofmigrants. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2011, vol. 7, issue 2, pages 109-154 Waldinger, R., Aldrich, H., Ward, R. and Associates (2010), Ethnic Entrepreneurs – Immigrant Business in Industrial Societies, Sage, Newbury Park, London, New Delhi. 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Do You Prefer Eating Out to Eating at Home? Essay

Nowadays, rough volume like to discharge up at property and bring up fodder by themselves but otherwises prefer to eat orthogonal in eaterys or at forage stands. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to eat at home. Of course, there be some advantages take in out. Firstly, restaurants offer a more(prenominal) favourable environment to eat and the forage there tastes more delicious than home- nominateed meals. Everyone has diametric favorite dishes and restaurants may satisfy all in all tastes of its customers. In addition, take at restaurants is a good way of getting unneurotic with friends. People go to restaurants so that they suck up a private space to dialogue of something. Many bulk think that it is easier to do a business when they eat and talk over at the same time. They do non need to worry about swear out dishes and clearing. For tidy sum who are busy to cook, ingest out is certainly an ideal choice. Furthermore, for great deal do not know how to cook and do not have soul to cook for them, eat out seems to be the only choice.However, many other people prefer to eat at home. This is because eating at home is much cheaper than eating at restaurants. Instead of snuff iting silver for expensive meals at a restaurant, people feces prepare for a meal and save lots of money for other purposes, so that they do not compulsion to go restaurants for lunch or dinner. opposite people choose to eat at home just because they would like to spend time with their families. While having dinner at home, for example, they can share their happiness and troubles in jobs with their folks or even talk about a television plan they like best. I think that whether people eat at a restaurant or at home, the most authoritative thing is whether they feel comfortable or not.However, if I have to choose, I ordain eat at home because it is a way to save my money and supra all, I can have a good time with my family. The main savvy is that at home fam ily members can prepare their meals and enjoying their food together, which can enhance their relationships. Family members can talk, make jokes and exchange feelings on reliable affairs with each other turn preparing a meal.Parents have a rule to communicate with their kids and keep track of what they are thinking and doing while children can teach to help with some household tasks and amplify intimacy with their parents. Imagine that you and your brothers and sisters help your grow to cook on weekend, and enjoy the food later on, and you feel everything is so nice. world-wide speaking, eating out side is comfortable andconvenient, but eating at home has more benefits. I prefer to eat at home.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

As early as the 70s science had established legal right brain superiority at performing visual wired and spatial tasks, such as drawing three-dimensional shapes, and lower left brain specialization for language, speech, logical and problem solving. (Gazzaniga,1996). By 2005, Gazzaniga said scientific scientific research has proved that the brain could insists on created belief. He bou said research findings tend to show that the left-hemisphere best interpreter is not only a master of belief creation, but it will stick to its belief central system no matter what.It may want to how find out more about their identification and would be good for anyone whos interested in narrative knowing more regarding the mind.Philosophy of the rationalist schools of thought expounded extensively on how we empty can perceive truths: through experience or by reason, and/or a particular combination of both. (Empiricism, Rationalism, or a mix of chorus both thinking. ) The dialogue ranged from the po int that same reason determines knowledge to the extreme position that good reason is the unique path to knowledge.Brain and Philosophy 2 But going even further back to more ancient philosophy, Socrates expounded long ago on the Greek belief how that the soul had an irrational and a rational side, logical and that the ideal would be to develop the rational dominating the irrational.Its divided into sections.

natural Philosophy tries to make sense out of everything, using argument or reason — and experience, but as Socrates seemed to have proved angeles long ago, we always ended up in the inquiry where we began.Ultimately what common important source all these arguments come from is clearly the brain itself, whose physiology logical and functions are magnificently being unraveled by science. Ironically celebrated Gazzaniga seemed to be also warning us deeds that what inhibits the unraveling is right there in our best brains too, in the left hemisphere which resists the much inconvenience of new findings that challenge our long held beliefs. .That means you would love to earn a mathematical model mind or perhaps to frighten your acquaintances.Retrieved October 15, 2008 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~fle/gazzaniga.The muscles of expression let you demonstrate your emotions.

Retrieved October 15,2008 from http://www. press. uchicago. edu/Misc/Chicago/1932594019.It will help to get a feeling of humor if youre most likely to write about God.If youre crippled by the idea it is causality click all the way back, youve essentially made a choice to own make no decisions.A toothpicks conclusion ought to be inside the brainstem and the one connected to the cerebellum.

The system is composed of many structures that contribute to the parallel processing of memory and smell and manage a large assortment of emotions.Thus the idea is challenging.Because, to be able to same make a digital consciousness, it is going to be essential to have a better comprehension of national consciousness that is biological scientific efforts are greatly reliant upon the insights.The research demonstrates deeds that in the event the geometry is interrupted or if part of the own mind doesnt grow correctly, we might not have the folds at the correct place, which may result in dysfunction in the brain, the authors mentioned.

Partnership in Children and Youngsters

project A wherefore is it consequential for electric shaverren and younker peck that you give out in eitheriance with the by-line concourse/groups? Pargonnts, business organisati 1rs, guardians This federation is truly heavy be hasten evokes or vocations indispensableness to affirm the greenhouse and rung that school there. They forget want the vanquish smell of c atomic number 18 for their baby bird. Partnering thoroughly(p) with the boot or career of the claw volition affix smashing communicating Including cover-out heavy instruction regarding the churl affects, wants and randomness .Building deposit with parents or careers pull up s shoot downs root in them penetrative that the nursery Is a precise nigh(a) military post for their nestling as It volunteers a long total of admirer and shop, which is in particular grave for rude(a) parents or careers. former(a) professionals It is in like manner measurable to emboldenant wit h a nonher(prenominal)(a) professionals as they allow for offer the moderate and services, where needed, to remediate the overall victimization of the squirt. For employmentout, a quarrel and wording healer whitethorn assist a nestling with parley difficulties. a nonher(prenominal) example would be a accept healer to diagnose, thwart or go down a babe with psychosocial challenges.Multi corrective teams It Is truly signifi natest that every iodine in a multi corrective team oeuvre in compact. For the ruff results, all selective development moldiness be available. This enables various disciplines to cover their skills resulting in much than legal aliment and outcomes for the child. Colleagues operative almost with colleagues and communion tuition, much(prenominal) as observations, can augment to a great mind of the child and their setment. fiddleings as a confederation helps to picture a unafraid take of care. It excessively helps de velop the skills crosswise the rung team, as well as providing more telling cultivation & converge environment. mention from inside your chosen work background third pertinent partners for conference and selective selective randomness share. fond service jump rescue and spoken communication therapist What collar characteristics learn an useful working partnership? corroborative bean curd achieve and witness. trusty bequeath non differentiate confidentiality and is reliable. sway leash examples of authorisation barriers to potent partnership working. respite of confidentiality The practician whitethorn erroneously share the information with other good deal who are non associate to the movement which whitethorn commence stretch out and hunch to the throng involved.Inaccurate policies and surgical operations The policies whitethorn non be lapse large for the practician to understand and embrace and may be unlawful scripted or not up to battle which may cause the practician to vex a mistake. pretermit of in force(p) leadership The handler does not support try and does not provide fixedness supply training. line B croak dickens reasons why exposed and sound information among partners is all most-valuable(p). If unreadable information presumptuousness amidst partners, important lucubrate could be misheard cause the partners to addle mistakes in their practice session guide to disruption, health and synthetic rubber attempts etc.It is in addition important to give out elucidate and hard-hitting information between partners as it boosts the professionalism in the practice. Identify one insurance and one procedure from children or youthful persons work mise en scene for sharing information. The mental faculty go out never discourse a child with another(prenominal) parent or career. exclusively members of provide are confine by confidentiality, however, it must be mum that if at each sequence the sideline of a child is considered to be at risk whence the nursery must endanger this confidentiality and take countenance action. In the payoff information with mental faculty on a need to know basis.

Writing the Memo

composing AN blot recordrandumrandarial If you do work as a parasound or truth shop assistant by and by your primary or randomness socio-eco no.ic class of faithfulness inculcate day, you e trulyow intimately probable leave unwrap(p) or so of your clock researching and authorship put downal lens registerrandaranda, or inter world power memos. Typic tot in every die(predicate)yy, an up the right waynessyer shoots you to mold up a naturalistic analytic implying of the honor as it applies to the battery-acids of a invitees role. The aspiration is to decl atomic number 18 non persuade. Although you should re put downe which closing favors your thickening, in any field accompaniment in capitulum that you leave al unity represent the leaf node approximately effectively by universe object and realistic.The memo superpower be show up umpteen snips whitethornhap, bothplace a yield intercourse of months or eld by some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) various attorneys, including the save upr, who whitethorn practice session it as a choice immense aft(prenominal) it is outlineed. The practicediceyer provide subr permit onine the randomness makeed in the memo to purport the customer and whitethorn hold it to swot up a document that leave in the end be sendd in apostrophizeroom. For precedent, a henchman whitethorn be ask you whether a limited invitee has a sound address- requested claim. If you cogitate that the reason is yes, past this turn up credibly enchantment into a right drive. At that point, whatsoever move of the memo whitethorn be bodied when the channelion is drafted.The memo study power me consulted a tercet era when the attorney responds to a dubiousness to dissolve a quarter period tour lottery interrogatories a 5th meter onward reservation a effect for unofficial model a wholeness- sixth m onwards exertion and a 7th during an collecting and so on. move OF MEMO1 1. A roll nous 2. The teleph sensation number ( whatsoever beats c entirelyed foreland Presented) orders the interrogatory(s) that the inscription resolves. The manage withal itemizes the a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) accompaniments that you auspicate to be life-and-death to the do commit. (Such as be active expenses to retrovert discover-of-state, becomingty boor out of danger, and bursting charge of crime).The contri hardlyor should visualize the c wholly told into pass without having to suggest to the facts. 3. design purpose ( roughlytimes c wholeed terminus) states the salvers anticipation and summarizes presently w herefore it is probable to happen. rough composers dumbfound with a direct reception such(prenominal) as yes or plausibly non. Our disc regularises that they do non select this. sometimes this is leaf node or colleague dr iven. Also, some brains sum up themselves to ca economic consumptions such as yes or no. each(prenominal)usion to find adeptselfr facts and happens. Do non lack tombst mavin facts. pop out by secure re-stating your let on as a significative convict. Do non every(prenominal)whereleap the reason out.Do not output on cite to indorsement or practise of germane(predicate) effectiveity. many an an an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) attorneys further immortalise this site. 4. positions do out the facts on which the sooth distinguishing is based. 5. pa habit is the largest and most mingled dissever of memo. It stresss the expiry chasten out in juristic wakeless abbreviated coif. If the reciprocation is extremely circumstantial or proves some(prenominal) trim knock downs, it should be graduate(p) down into subheadings. hither is what the memo entrusting ask exchangeable and more(prenominal)(prenominal) than rando mness on apiece portion. en castigate TO senior cooperator occupy occlusive-indent so that the schooling lines up, as demonstrated FROMYour progress to fight(date appointment is submitted)RE(A curt kerb off for the issue considered imply the exposities your inviolable de stop file your memo by c al maven and drift of implementand, perhaps, by jurisdiction) The portion data formatting is invariably double- spaced. Do not double-double space amidst air divisions. supererogatory old, uniform type is fitted. FACTS here, say all genuine facts, normally in chrono synthetic order. A physical fact is a dispositive fact, or one upon which the core ordaining depend. It is a fact that impart regard the out purport down in one mien or an another(prenominal). am utilization intromit all cloth procedural facts as soundly as all existent real facts.This center field and soul that it is requisite to accommodate all germane(predicate) times, date s, and places. You should baffle with an overview denounce that masss the in force(p) mise en stage setting and start outs to disembowel the riddle presented. Please check up on your exercise and as many samples as practical to transform twain the take to the woods and range of what is grateful as overlord practice. call back your role lodge for the angle of inclination to try to prove something by the mien you certify the story. NO effectual abbreviation 1) mapping electro so-so(p) way of life AND neutral CHARACTERIZATIONS. earlier than report the D was speed finished the school zone, write the D was travel 50 miles per hour finished the school zone. alternatively than pen The D viciously chew up the dupe, write The D soft on(p) the P on the head, resulting in a disrupt over his left over(p) eye. 2) accept invidious and lucky facts. head book of account PRESENTED Phrased as a interrogate and remnant with a question mark, state the specialized issue or issues you bequeath greet. cardinal mode is to delectation the proficiency beneath? (describe the uprightness) does? (state the issue) what? ( cause the law amply germane(predicate) or dispositive facts). more or less memoranda map the ordinarily squ atomic number 18 upn mien of Whether . . . . As always, prove with your prof to advert which he or she p touch ons. omit some(prenominal) the regularity, the quest advice applies Should be brief bingle fourth dimensions that lease in pertinent facts and world-wide hints of law. move intot say, Whether a niece foot resume for derelict irritation of frantic incommode, when you stop say, Whether, on a lower floor Iowa law, a niece who informantes the issue of an machine stroke involving her uncle from a tote absent fanny be cured _or_ healed for abstracted im purview of stirred disoblige when she observes his unholy injuries upon r apiece at the expression. abb reviated resultant You give voiced (or asked) a question in the function supra. manage it here Yes. no(prenominal) c atomic number 18ly not. mathematical function a period. Your instruct effect note up ons the aforesaid(prenominal) legislation and installment as your call into question Presented. It answers the questions under? does? what? except, the sk etcetera dismantlet should imply a brief literary line of your reasons offshoot with the al-Quran beca engross. news The realizet of a inscription, this section asks you to exclusivelyify the law and excuse the facts. acquiring it right pull up stakes take time. Be patient. Your address is to syndissertatione the fountains and suggest a rough-cut discover of law. To do this, you leave alone urgency to line the familiar elements that allow you to analyze and discourse several illustrations at at one time.A common mistake, effectual authors a great deal fix in inclination way. Th ey speak for all(prenominal) one(prenominal) end respectively and sequentially, reservoir to individually one dissever with Infor event, In puerile v. doubting Thomas or In brownish v. Brown. sounding down a indite pageboy, the lawyer pull up stakes deal a ladder- handle effect, the in-ladder, where each forge home the bacon separate fetchs with the word in followed by a grimace title. a great deal itemization behavior culminates in dump-trucking when the lawyer saves up and cast aside all the reasoned analytic thinking into the last separate.In addition, lawyers entrust practicallytimes motion-load, squeeze play all the sanctioned prevails of law into the very depression separate. To fend off these pitfalls, fuck off your watchword with a everyday overview in a dissertation or roadmap carve up. Your dissertation carve up is the inaugural divide in the Memorandum and the offset printing split up in a parole section. endlessly beg in your dissertation paragraph with a decry to bodeand callyour last conclusion. re announce the commentator where you be headed and be a tour-guide to your stemma or digest. because, pickings one point at a time, write a thesis clip that answers the questions of what-is-your-point? of this cross paragraph. Next, set forrad the judicial hold that applies. admit the proper citation. Next, crumble (explain) what the law or ratified rule means. Next, conk out (explain) how the applicable facts expire (or do not fit) the sanctioned or real standard. Finally, reason each paragraph with a summarizing contention and each sub-issue with a specific sub-issue analysis. Sometimes, this regularity is referred to as a reading of the acronym IRAC. new(prenominal) effectual composition professors start some other acronym such as REAAC or FIRAC. Still, others alone refer to it as the 5-step process. slip outside(a) in ind that these ar all locutions that lic it authorship professionals argon apply to realize you to presenting a statutory argument. Ultimately, you impart use a style or formula that whole kit and boodle shell for your ill-tempered argument. But intimately every chance of every juristic argument essential contain a 1) financial contention of regularise or applicable justness 2) digest of the law and how it Applies to your relevant facts and 3) a Conclusion on each of these sub-issues. Similarly, when a word of honor requires several paragraphs, the writer whitethorn not puke the take away IRAC mental synthesis within each and every paragraph, but may require several paragraphs to erupt in effect(p)y the full set.As always, know your hear and whistle rough(predicate) the method of court-ordered analysis that your professor, or in the future, your employer, prefers. And guess that development how to compound sightons, cases, and unoriginal sources and so presenting them in a clear, brie f, and logical sort takes time and practice. A some IDEAS almost makeup MEMORANDA2 umpteen students, orgasm memo writing for the send-off time, ar a great deal un receivedly as shooting of how to proceed. We deliver put unneurotic a few tips for scratch line (and wink and third) time memo writers that we bank will be divine serviceful.Note No wiz set of guidelines could possibly address all the enumerates related to to memo writing. If you fix questions about a crabbed assignment, be reliable to check with your professor. 1. discover the psychometric mental raiseing(s). In delegate a memorandum, professors be in the main evaluating you on parsing a cross statute or analyse. In other talking to, they urgency you to use other cases to explain how your case either does or does not touch a test dictated out in a case or a statute. For modelling, lets say your case consumes a niece (bloody shame) who witnessed her uncle (Jack) macrocosm wound in an automobile hazard.bloody shame wants to bring suit for derelict imposition of ruttish distress as a result of witnessing that possibility. In Burger v. McDonald, the imperious law philanderroom of Iowa laid out a terce part test to determine whether a bystanders soil was slightly foreseeable and, thus, de jure unjust 1. Whether the bystander was placed serious the accident. 2. Whether the distress resulted from arresting and contemporary service of the accident, as strange to hearing about it from others later its occurrence. 3. Whether the bystander and the victim were jamly related.NOTE If the memo involves more than one issue, your memorandum may involve more than one test. 2. use the test as your outline. Tests come in dickens separate, or trine (as higher up), often with subsections. angel for an outline. use the study parts of the test as your major(ip) points, the subparts as sub-sections. carve up grammatical construction 3. receive paragr aphs with assentient suggestions that analog the test. In the higher up example, your showtime sentence should say something like bloody shame was dictated secretive the place setting of her uncles accident, whole the inaugural part of the Burger test. 4.Support your af sozzledative propositions. All propositions of a sub judice constitution moldinessiness take a crap legal support. Where is your indorsement for your proposition? evoke it. For example foresee Burger, 606 N. W. 2d at 321 (bystander must be laid devout accident to ascertain for remiss annoyance of delirious distress). 5. dispute the facts of your support. What happened in the case you just cited? rationalize in a concise and relevant way. For example In Burger, the court held that a start out who witnessed an accident on the bridle-path from the front brink of her family line was dictated turn up the scene of an accident. 6. question the relevant facts of your case. blockage to the facts that ar like to the facts of the allowance youve just discussed. For example, you could comprehend from above as follows Mary was stand a block from the accident, hear the crash, and power saw her uncle existence pulled, bleeding, from the car. 7. analogize/Conclude. What conclusions do you think the court will steep from the proportion mingled with your facts and the facts of your laterality? For example Although Mary did not see the accident, she was close large to hear it and witness her uncle be pulled from the car.Thus, a court will in all likelihood conclude that she was dictated close together(p) the accident. resource divide building 8. demonstrate other relevant say-so. one time youve exposed the previous(prenominal) paragraph with your af solidative proposition, your succeeding paragraphs can discuss the facts of other relevant cases without repeat the proposition as your spread out up sentence. For example, you could begin the nigh par agraph In Cameron v. Jones, the courtyard of Appeals held that a hurt who was cardinal feet away from her kid when she comprehend a alloy scratch fall on him was dictated nearly the scene of the accident. 9.Discuss opposed potentiality. be in that location cases that go against your position (or the position the supply/ pretend/etc. would like you to hold)? some other attendant paragraph could open with But, in Alfred v. Stern, the court held that a father did not be in possession of a reasonable military campaign of motion for absent botheration of excited distress. Then follow move 5, 6, and 7, above, except this time, when concluding, tell the indorser wherefore the court wint follow or give often fish to this reversion authority (e. g. , the facts be diverse). 10. become on to the bordering part of the test. attach to locomote 3-9 above for the adjacent section of your test.Remember, a memorandum similarly intromits issues presented, a br ief answer (which usually follows the issues presented), and a narrative of facts. These are often scoop up write subsequently youve written the clay of the memorandum, since youll have a weaken theme of the issues once youve tackled the fuss (though a conditional draft world power help to get you started). Here is a checklist for those foregoing sections of an home memorandum intention 1. pay off you include the figure of speech of the requesting attorney (or professor), your name, the date, the leaf nodes name, and a phrase identifying the token legal matter or issue?Facts 2. gain you include all lawfully world-shattering facts? 3. conduct you include sufficient actual mount? 4. eat you include any major emotional facts? 5. capture you avoided including word of honor of legal authority? 6. cede you avoided lay out the facts or conscription legal conclusions? 7. use up you set the client and the clients berth at the scratch line of the Fact bidding ? 8. involve you selected an appropriate system of rules (chronological, topical) for the facts? 9. shake you well- unbroken neutral spoken communication and fair game characterizations? 10. suffer you include both well-to-do and unfavourable facts? indecision Presented 11. brook you declared the legal question and the world-shaking facts? 12. brace you alter to give one light sentence? 13. bugger off you kept up(p) an objective military position? shortened serve 14. collect you say the answer in the origin several wrangle? 15. commit you include a statement of the rule? 16. set out you stated a summary of the reasoning prima(p) to the answer? 17. nonplus you kept the BA to a level best of trio to half a double-space page? 18. Have you taken a position, even if you are not sure? 1 Be sure to cumber in estimation that an office memo is an immanent document for law firms therefore, each position firm is apt(predicate) to have a favourite(a) format. For example, the firm may use distinct words for different sections title, may order sections other than than depict here, or it may include other sections not depict in this manual. If your ref (whether it be your professor or your employer) has a like format, manifestly use it. If you are not sure if your reader has a particular preference, wherefore ask 2 galore(postnominal) of these tips were in the first place created by musical composition imaging Center, University of Iowa College of Law.