Organizational Culture, Management Styles, And...

Abstract This paper discusses the implications of organizational culture, management styles, and organizational size and market demands on the organizational structure of the firm. The paper uses the case study or Toyota Motors Corporation to evaluate how organizational structures are affected by these factors and to make recommendations on the same. Objectives of the study The study seeks to understand the meaning of organizational culture and how it implicates the structure the firm. The study will also seek to understand the effects of management styles on company structures. Also, the study undertakes to understand the implications of market demands as well as organizational size on the structure of the firm. It also places these†¦show more content†¦Organizational culture defines how the firm responds to different market issues, how employees perceive different situations and scenarios in the firm as well as the firm aligns it in relation to different market forces. Organizational culture thus serves as the compass on which different decisions are made and executed – and determines the actions that will be a success in a given firm and those that are resisted or lead to failure. The culture of an organization also includes the assumption and what the firm view as â€Å"common knowledge† usually developed over time as the fir m goes through different stages to the pit that such bases become part of the firm, and define its relationships with the rest of the world. Organizational culture is deemed to be the most important binding factors in a firm – an is the only thing that differentiates the employees of one firm from another. The culture of any organization also determines the power relationships between the different players of the firm, how communication and key decision making is handled as well as how different key stakeholders relate with each other. A culture that empowers every employee will se an organizational structure that mirrors this empowerment, and will consequently have a structure that allows more people to take part in decision making and value their contributions. Organizational culture impacts performance, management and perception – and has been cited asShow MoreRelatedHow The Organizational Behavior And Other Factors Have Affected The Organization Chart And Structure Of The Toyota Company1496 Words   |  6 Pagesbe successful or not. The management style, culture, technology incorporation are some of the issues which will define the fate of the company. This business report attempts to analyses the impact of some of these issues to the structure of the organization. The human resource department issues are easily handled if an organization structure chart exists and in this case, the Toyota Company Report objectives i). The aim of this report is to analyze how the organizational behavior and other factorsRead MoreComparing the Organizational Culture of The Microsoft Corporation and Apple Inc1243 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational comparisons The Microsoft Corporation versus Apple Inc. The IT industry is the fastest developing one in the modern day society and it sets the pace for development in all of the personal and professional sectors of life. And the advancement of the IT industry cannot be imagined any other way than having been driven by the two global giants Apple and Microsoft. The two companies have been competing in the industry ever since they were first created and began to operate. TheRead MoreEvaluating The Correlation Between The Oc And Performance Is Not A Modern Approach1738 Words   |  7 Pagesthat in their management research article - managers play a role in getting the employees commitment that leads to improved productivity. 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Corrections Timeline Free Essays

This essay is going to show the development with four eras of the correctional system. The four eras that will be discussed with be: 1800, 1960, 1980 and 2000. For each era we will go over the description of the holding or monitoring of the offenders, the treatment and punishment of the offenders and the influences of the particular era on today’s correctional system. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections Timeline or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conclusion will discuss the most beneficial era to the correctional system, as well as, recommendations for ways in which the current correctional system could be improved upon. Penitentiary era 1800’s With the ideas of The Age of Enlightenment growing in popularity, a new concept of criminal punishment came into play; the penitentiary. The penitentiary first appeared in 1790 when the Philadelphia Walnut Street Jail was expanded to allow separate confinement of inmates. The western State Penitentiary was established in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1819, as well as the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York. The Auburn State Penitentiary was based on a congregate system. Seeks to redeem offenders through a well-ordered routine of the prison, implementing strict discipline, labor, obedience, and silence. The inmates were held in isolation at night but congregated in workshops during the day. They could not talk or look at each other while working or at meals. The work consisted of hard labor, such as the construction of roads or buildings. The inmates had to walk in unison, in a formation known as the lock step. The goal of The Auburn State Penitentiary was to redeem the offender through the well-organized practice of the prison (Clear, Cole, Reisig, 2009). In 1821 after many years of lobbying from the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, the Pennsylvania Legislature approves funding to build the Eastern State Penitentiary. The new prison will hold 250 inmates. In 1829 Masks are fabricated to keep the inmates from communicating during rare trips outside their cells. Cells are equipped with feed doors and individual exercise yards to prevent contact between inmates, and minimize contact between inmates and guards. In 1839, the County of Chester built its first off site jail at Market and New Street in West Chester, Pennsylvania. This structure subsequently underwent alteration and additions up until 1941. This Prison was modeled after the Walnut Street jails in Philadelphia the first County institution which was built in 1770. The only differences were the sanitary provisions, beds and heating for each cell. 1862 – A cabinet shop is opened in the prison. In the next ten years, the prison will add a shoe shop, a tailor shop, a wagon factory, and an expansion to the cabinet shop for other furniture and chairs. By 1878, the revenues will be sufficient to allow the prison to run without drawing appropriations from the state’s treasury. A knitting industry is added in 1893, a twine plant in 1912, a cannery in 1915, a license plate operation in 1917, a print shop in the early 1920s, and a laundry in 1940. The laundry, license plate, wood and metal furniture, printing and signage, silk-screening, and tailoring operations survive to this day at the prison. Community Era 1960’s to 1980. During this era there were lot of Development of behavioral techniques in 1930s and 1940s brought about concept of treatment in prisons. â€Å"Correctional Facilities. † Treatment based on â€Å"medical model. † Individual and group therapy programs evolved. Neurosurgery- Used to control aggressive behavior and destructive urges – frontal lobotomies were part of this approach. Sensory deprivation- Denial of stimulation by isolating prisoners in quiet, secluded environment. Aversion therapy- Drugs and/or electric shock used to teach prisoner to associate negative behavior with pain and displeasure. Today’s Prisons In today’s prisons Whites – 1229 incarcerated per 100,000 white males in their late 20’s. Blacks – 10,376 incarcerated per 100,000 black males in their late 20’s. the prisons today with the maximum system looks like the: high fences/walls of concrete barriers between living area and outer perimeter, electric perimeters, laser motion detectors, electronic and pneumatic locking systems, metal detectors, X-ray machines and television surveillance. Medium security prison, Similar in design to maximum security facilities, however, they allow prisoners more freedom. In them, prisoners can usually: associate with other prisoners, go to the prison yard, use exercise room/equipment, visit the library and take showers and use bathroom facilities with less supervision. Also in the medium security prison they usually have dormitory style housing. Cells and living quarters tend to have more windows. These facilities tend to have barbed wire fences instead of large stone walls. Last we have the minimum security prisons which: Housing tends to be dormitory style and prisoners usually have freedom of movement within the facility. Work is done under general supervision only. Guards are unarmed, and gun towers do not exist. Fences, if they exist, are low and sometimes unlocked. â€Å"Counts† are usually not taken. Prisoners are sometimes allowed to wear their own clothes. I believe that all the eras had a lot to do with how far we have come in the correctional system today. I would have to say that the way we are running the system today is the best we have had and we will continue to learn and over time will make the system better. How to cite Corrections Timeline, Papers

Leadership - Business Critical Perspective

Question: Discuss about the Leadership for Business Critical Perspective. Answer: Introduction Leadership refers to a quality that an individual carries to motivate other person to achieve the goals of them as well as of organization. It is a dynamic process in which only on individual is not responsible for the result of groups but all the members collectively commit to one goal that is achieved by all. A leader is a person who collects all the members and help to move them in one direction. He plays a very vital role as he build the team, help to bring development in individuals, and atleast they achieve the task. He is the one who understand the need of the members of the group. This assists to know each member individually and to maintain good relations between the two that results in trust and honesty. The flow of communication will also improve by effective leadership. A leader directs the members to optimize the resources in a proper way. He plans, controls, direct, organizes, motivates, etc the group of people to attain the future goals. In this present study, we will study about the leaders and their practices that helped the business organization. We also earn the problems faced by them in the leadership. There will be a description on the various styles and theories of the leaders that helps us to understand leadership in a better way. Leadership brings power and power helps to influence the people. This is how the big leaders brought revolutionary changes in the society. As power has the capability to exert the influence in either positive or negative direction. Influence refers to any sort of actions that helps to change the attitude r behavior of any individual. In this study, there will be example of three leaders who have different leadership styles and approaches. There will be a justification on all of them will be mentioned to understand all of them in a better way. Afterwards the study will continue with the impacts of their styles and approaches on the business and business environment. Leaders and their qualities Susie Burrell She is one of the leading dietitians of Australia. She is a nutrition and psychologist, who is helping thousand of Australian children and athletes to achieve their health and nutritional values without any diet and deprivation (Burrell, 2012). The reason to choose her as a leader is that she is a young inspiration to all the Australian children. She has the caliber to mange her personal and social life. The decision making of Susie is very effective and wise. She is very initiative as she taken decision to improve the quality of the food poducts produced and consumed by the consumers. For this, she influenced not only the producers but also the media and regulatory authorities to supply only nutritional and healthy food for the consumers. She has worked on many projects to implement such decision on the society. As a woman, she has to manage between the personal life and career. She manages things, organized them, and manages the time effectively, where many of us left exhaust ("New approaches to leadership", 2011). As a leader, there is a need to maintain self-motivation and self discipline. The major quality of leader is that he or she does not panic in worst situations. They take it as challenegs and face them. Through their motivation, they are able to cope up with critical situations. They not only direct others but also themselves too. They remain self motivated, their goals are clear, and try to coach them self to achieve greatness (Halsall, 2015). Susie as a leader Her basic skill as a leader is to notice and relate every person who comes to her professional life. She uses her interpersonal skills and knowledge to identify the interest and needs of each individuals. Then she draws plans to motivate and help them by various methods. Her personal belief is that every individual should have lots of energy and good health in order to influence others in a positive manner. She said that one should live in an environment that inspires and motivates you (Gunzel-Jensen, Jain, Kjeldsen, 2016). Impact of leadership skills practice in an organization Her leadership qualities are very unique and soothing. This type of leader remains very kind-hearted and down-to-earth for the employees of an organization. Such leadership qualities are helpful to maintain good relations in the organization. The environment of the organization remains very friendly and happy. As these leaders focus specifically on the employee's needs and wants. These types of leaders are very dynamic in nature. They tend to change situations and mould according to the need and requirement. They take interest in challenges and face the problems in very positive way. Despite of running out form the issues they patiently hold them and try to find effective solutions for the same (Goldsmith, Baldoni, McArthur, 2010). Cindy Hook Cindy hook is the CEO of the Deloitte Australia. She was the chief executive of the same company and spent most of her time in identifying the qualities of leaders, developing leaders and how to build team of leaders. This is the only key of success of her journey. According to her, there are six points by which a general person can become a successful leader. The first point is that to become effective and great leaders there is need to know and indentify you. If a person can bring himself and his beliefs, values, ethics, etc into the leadership then it would be the best leadership out of all. This kind of leadership will be authentic in nature, real and genuine. It carries a truthfulness and kindness that helps to achieve the goals of the organizational and its employees. Qualities of Cindy Hook as a leader The leaders must crystallize their views and directions so that they are clear for their goals and objectives. The leaders must have t self aware about the process and methods by which they have to go through to become an effective leader. She suggested that one should try to do all this in their life because such things are very important. Every individual carries some leadership skills with them. The only issue is not every one try to identify those skills (O'Mullane, 2011). According to her, the leaders should carry vitality and health. Only a healthy person can take wealthy decisions. Health and well-being is a way by which one can manage both the performances either individuals or organizations. She said that hard work will help to deliver effective and proven results. There is no substitute and alternatives available for hard work. To be a successful leader, there is a need to do hard work. Hard work refers to dedication of work and time as well. It gives consistent and relevant results which is very important for leaders. The prime role of every leader is to provide effective and efficient results. However, it is not possible to achieve 100% effectiveness in each work done by you. But, there should be at least 90% of effectiveness presents in the results. According to the businesses, the main task of leaders is to maximize the profits and overall growth of the company. To achieve this, the leaders have to balance between the goals of the organizational and also the employees. They also have to turn the challenges into opportunities to be an effective leader (Bennister, 2016). Cindy hook mentioned that a leader should be loyal to the organization in which he is working. She said that it is a myth that to have better future and career there is a need to switch the jobs frequently. There is a need to analyze that where an individual is working and what are the needs of that organization. According to her longevity is very important and its paid off as she gave 30 years at Deloitte. She claimed that there is a special power that lays n team work. This cannot be achieved individually. To be an effective leader there is a need to build a team around you and if you are unable to do so than you are not a leader. These types of individuals are knows as sole contributors. The leaders have to consider them as innovators. They have to invite challenges and find effective ways to come out of them with bright colors. The leaders should have the capability to learn and listen which is the most effective quality of him. He has to globalize himself by understanding the nature and culture of other countries and their organizations. As the world is becoming smaller, and the businesses becoming larger, there is an emergence of critical style of leadership in all the organist ions. The leaders should always try to seek global experience from different sources. It doesnt mean that one should have to go on world tour. It is not possible for everyone. But if an individual want to have knowledge of global world it can be achieved through studies, books, literatures, etc. You can take different projects related to different countries. It helps leaders to grasp knowledge about the future. It also provides ways to forecast the future needs (Normore, 2010). A leader must be ready for the upcoming future challenges and issues because he is the one who have to face and handle the same. Future decisions are not merely taken by technical skills. Instead, there is need to broaden your thinking and minds capabilities to bring new ideas related to future. This process will be initiated through curiosity and urge to learn more. To get ready for future challenges, one should become ready for today (Dansereau, Seitz, Chiu, Shaughnessy, Yammarino, 2013). Impact of leadership skills practice in an organization Cindy Hook is one of the effective leaders of Australia. Her leader style is very new and innovative. She is not an autocratic leader but a democratic leader. She believes in ideas and thinking of others. This type of leaders is very impactful as they inspire all the people around them. These types of leaders are very open to new challenges which are very important in every business organization. Every company wants a leader who can manage the employees in an efficient manner (Rogers, 2012). Leaders like her are very creative and broad minded. They are spiritual and believe the culture of others. Such leaders are influenced by the team work and team building and they believe in the same. They try to divide the work in groups of people to decrease the burden and load. Such qualities will help organizations to achieve success in a very shorter period of time (Owen, 2015). Cindy hooks mentioned that she believes in long relations with the organization in which employees work. This approach helps companies to decrease the employee turnover ratio. Such leaders motivate the employees to retain in the organisation and provide their best for the future benefits of the company as well as for them. She said it is good to retain and find the problems that can be solved by you. Such leaders are very quick in analyzing the needs and want of employees and try to fulfill them (Pearson, 2012). Diann Feldman Diann Feldman is managing director of Greenleaf centre for servant leadership in Queensland. She has discussed the philosophy of servant leadership from different perspective. In this study we will discuss and compare her philosophies with other prominent leaders, implementation of theses philosophies and her version of leadership styles in business organization (Peleg, 2012). She believes that an effective leadership should serve people and communities as a role model of Christ. Her leadership theories are different from other theories. To reach at this stage of leadership she has faced lots of struggles in her life since 90s. It was believed in 90s that leaders are the persons who are known and famous rather than individuals to every other. This theory was not fit with her fundamental beliefs and faith. According to others, the leader is on who is powerful. Though, it is true that a leader is a person who has more power than others but the intentions behind the use of power decides the style of leadership. Every human being has their power of choice and freedom, and each one in powerful in their own manner (Stippler, 2011). She believes that a leader has some inherent faiths and values that help him to become leader. There is a need of practical nature and understanding towards the work in leadership. She said that leadership is a result of in-tact relationship between the followers and the leaders. Any person can become a leader as the leaders are not appointed. Instead, there is a need to identify the opportunity that come in your way and also to analyze that how one can act like a leader in such situations (Cullen Yammarino, 2014). In todays era, the leaders are very violent and disguise the leadership as they take advantages form the authority. The corporate leaders of companies try to decide the fate of the employees by their own; they are least concerned and try to worst the situation which is not the part of leadership. Such leaders are not the one who can generate other leaders, this type of leaders ahs followers due to the terror, fear, power, security needs, alter ego, or some other reasons. Though, many companies believe in autocratic leaders but they are not effective one (Townsend, 2011). Qualities of Diann Feldman as a leader Leaders are the persons who are generous, caring, respect others, who always try to build relation with other. Such leaders are opposite of above mentioned leaders. They have many qualities that help business to grow and develop. Such leaders engages themselves to achieve more through employees, make effective relations, perform hark work in critical situations, remain committed to the companies, and always try to keep the heart, soul and themselves in work. These leaders are the heroes of the organization. The aim of these leaders is not only to make corporation successful but also to provide this success to each employee working in that company. Throughout their life, they earned love and respect from the employees and staff members, they are honest and available all the time for work, and they take difficult decision, take stand with others, they listen to others ideas and inputs, and direct people in one direction (Van Wart, 2010). According to her leaders are developed with time and circumstances they have to lead the situations. She said that, conscious choice brings one to lead. It refers to the decisions that are made by leaders that started their journey of leadership. From that point of time, the awareness and development of leadership initiates. According to her traits are build, acquired and developed. The traits of an effective leaders is not dictatorship and dominate, they are care and share. Leadership is something that will gradually grow with thee time, and it will enhance with experiences. Leadership is a type of natural emergence within an individual that will come out at times. But sometimes, it is the result of accidental situations that will help to develop leader in an individual (Chapparamani, 2012). Impact of leadership skills practice in an organization This type of leadership brings authenticity that helps to influence the corporate, companies, organizations, etc. It also generates and enlightens the work of organizations in a way that they bring heart and mind of employees into the organizations. The true meaning of leadership is not power but to understand the relationship between the leaders and followers that is very important in every organization. The effective leadership helps to acknowledge the journey of employees in the organization and generate a strong desire in other people to serve others. It eliminates the nature of self-centered individuals and transforms them into more caring and serving society. It will also help to transmit the behavior of organization from a master to a serving other organization. This type of leadership is the best suited as it helps to change the thinking, beliefs, actions and leadership style (Burrell, 2012). Her strategy to apply leadership skills in organization by using the power of each employee, ask them to share their own leadership skills, to act as a role model, and to share their own ideas about leadership. In this way, she can raise awareness and interest of employees towards leadership. She uses to tell them stories of many famous leaders and apply them practically in the areas where they are required. She initiates many workshops, tours, dialogue group, internet chat, etc. as an emerging knowledge for the employees. In this way, her leadership approaches and styles help many organizations to establish an effective leadership in organizations (Davies, 2012). Recommendations As discussed above there are many problems faced by leaders. Due to poor and ineffective leadership styles many companies have to face inefficiency. There is some measure that should be adopted by the companies to improve the leadership styles. The leaders should have new experiences regarding leadership that comprises of volunteering, mentoring, etc. it provides a platform for leaders to enhance their skills. The leaders also have to follow specific guidelines and their directions must be clear in n organisation. It helps in empowerment and development of the leaders. Leaders should have certain skills, knowledge, qualifications, training, etc that differentiate him or her from others. The achievement of above written qualities of leaders can be achieved through workshops and programmers. Organizations who want to enhance the skills of their leaders should initiate these programs in their organization. This help to make employees aware about the leadership skills. These workshops must provide training on communication skills, management, education, basic knowledge of organization, practical training, etc. These training also help organizations and employees to identify the future and potential leaders of the organization. Conclusion In this study, we understand the requirement of the leaders as they are the utmost need to complete the functions of any organization. The proper utilization of teams and groups can be done with the help of leaders. They help to create cohesiveness in the companies. It is said that the leaders are born not created but if certain trainings are provided then any one can become a leaders. The only need is to identify the potential and brush up the skills. This can be achieved through training, development programs, workshops, etc. We have studied about leaders of Australia that helps students to know that how a general persona can become a leader through his hard and smart work. If an individual effectively apply all the leadership styles on him in a positive way then it is not impossible for him to be successful leader. The great leaders are created through hard work and dedication n who give their hundred percent to achieve the goals and objectives. References Bailey, M., (2016). Sipplement shows way for uni-busniess collaboration, [Online]. Accessed on: 4 October 2016. Available at: https://www.afr.com/leadership/management Bennister, M. (2016). Editorial: New Approaches to Political Leadership. Pag, 4(2), 1. https://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i2.683 Burrell, S. (2012). Susie Burrell. [Online]. Accessed on: 4 October 2016. Available at: https://www.leadershipforwomen.com.au/empowerment/leadership/susie-burrell Chapparamani, D. (2012). Leadership Approaches. GRA, 3(2), 141-142. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/february2014/45 Cullen, K. Yammarino, F. (2014). Special issue on collective and network approaches to leadership. 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